The Enemy Within

Juan Conde Professor Muniz 19 November 2012 English 67 The Enemy Within Throughout life everyone is forced to face their own worst enemy and will have a lot of trouble confronting and dealing with them that worst enemy will always be themselves. This enemy brings many problems and inner conflicts that are difficult to solve. Everyone has their own way of coping with these problems, some more critical than others. In the book Drugstore Cowboy, by James Fogle, the main character Bob deals with this dichotomy in different was throughout the book and his two sides are very easily differentiated.Throughout the book Bob is faced with difficult decisions and has the choice of either being that humane and caring man or the cruel and manipulative man that he can be. As he is making these decisions Bob has to not only think of the situation but also make sure that his crew is safe or if he needs to use them. Bob is a very complex individual with two conflicting sides to him, one that is used t o show his humane and caring nature and the other is used to intimidate or manipulate people. Deep down, Bob is a caring and humane man.He protects his crew with his life; he puts himself on the line for his crew and for the people he cares about like his mother and Diane. This side of Bob is made very clear when he visits his mother and shows her nothing but respect and he even shows some humility when speaking to her. When Bob’s mom exclaims that Bob is a thief he replies, â€Å"Jesus, Mama, when have I ever stole anything from your house? Name me one thing I ever took from you without telling you? Just name me one thing? † (Fogle58). The way he replies and speaks to his mother shows that he has the outmost respect for her, his way of talking to his mother shows humility.When speaking with his mother he always calls her mama or mom; he never called her by her first name or by anything else. Bob also shows a lot of submissiveness when he is with his mom, it seems like he still feels like a little kid when he talks or confronts her. Bob would do anything for his wife, Diane. Bob loved Diane; when he first met her he felt like she wasn’t like other woman. Bob took Diane cross-roading but had the intentions of stealing her car, instead he fell for her. Fogle comes to explain how Bob felt about Diane, â€Å"Bob loved Diane body and soul by then.Even narcotics had never brought him the pleasure and satisfaction that Diane did back then â€Å"(166). It seems like Bob is truly a caring and humane person because of how he felt and still feels about Diane. Bob seems to put Diane before himself subconsciously he might not want people to see how much he really cares about her but deep down she means everything to him, he will defend her as much as he can. It also seems that Bob only wants to keep Diane happy but he thinks that the only way he can do that is with narcotics.Bob seems to always try to hide how he feels about the people close to him b ecause he is scared that something might happen to them and he just wants them to be safe and out of harm’s way; he is truly a caring and protective individual. On the other hand Bob can also be a very maniacal and manipulative, he can even seem inhuman and cruel; he uses any means necessary to obtain what he is after, he finds a way to manipulate and control people to make his plans go how he wants. Bob will use people to control a situation to go in his favor without any resentment about what happens to the other people.Bob show his manipulative side when he told his crew: â€Å"I just wrote the narcos and anonymously told them that the reason they could never catch Bob Hughes for possession of narcotics was that he had an arrangement with the guy that lived on the north side of him†(Fogle 82). Bob doesn’t seem to have any problem using people to get what he wants he doesn’t seem to have a conscience. Most of Bob’s actions show how he is a manipu lative man, he uses people in order achieve what he wants. Bob would go through any means necessary in order to get whatever he wants.Through Bob’s actions it seems that he is nothing but a selfish man that only cares about what he will receive from the situation. It seems that Bob only wants to do only what he will benefit from; he doesn’t seem to care about anything or anyone else. Bob is also cruel and inhumane towards his own crew. When Bob walks into the room after an attempt to get drugs he sees Nadine’s dead body and a hat on the bed; he then pays more attention and is more worried about having a hat on the bed than Nadine being dead. After seeing Rick balling and crying over her â€Å"Bob shook his head in disgust. ’She beat you, man.Your own woman beat you out of part of your own cut on a score. She got what she deserves’† (Fogle 134). This shows how Bob not only doesn’t care about what happened to her, but also he has been d esensitized to death, he only cares about the fact that she wasted the drugs and left them with the burden of having to get rid of a dead body. Bob only sees that because he feels like she cheated them out of the drugs and they can’t do anything about it. Bob also seems to react this way because of how Nadine has acted in the past, she would complain a lot and always wanted more than she could handle.Throughout the book Bob shows that he can and will use and manipulate people into doing what he wants so that he gets what he wants and whatever it is he has been working for. In both scenes Bob shows how he can get into people’s heads and make sure that they do whatever he wants them to do to achieve whatever he wants. Life is full of nothing but conflicts and difficult situations and everyone has their own way of dealing with them. Throughout the book, Drugstore Cowboy, Bob is put through various difficult situations which he handles in one of two ways: being a humane an d caring man or being a manipulative and maniacal man.Bob is depicted as both a caring and maniacal man in the sense that he cares a lot about his crew but also if the situation calls for it he will not care at all for them. Bob will manipulate anyone who gets in his way of obtaining what he wants, but he cares for those close to him but will sometimes even use them in order to get what he wants. Bob has a very complex way of living and thinking and it is showed in various ways throughout the book. Work Cited Fogle, James. Drugstore Cowboy. New York: Dell Publishing, 1990. Print.

Sand Dust Storm in China

Global Conference on Natural Disasters | Sand dust storm in China | Focus on China | | Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Sand Dust Storm in China2 2. 1 Definition2 2. 2 Location2 2. 3 When did it happen? 2 2. 4 What caused the event? 2 2. 5 What areas were affected? 2 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm2 3. 1 Short and long term effects2 3. 2 Extent of the Damage2 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm2 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing2 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm2 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm2 . 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm2 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm2 5. 2 Prevention2 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster2 6. 0 The End2 Conclusion2 Recommendations2 Reference list2 1. 0 Introduction This report is authorised by the attending of a global conference on natural disasters. It focuses on one of main problems of China and uses a descriptive statistical method to analyse the historical overview o f global natural disasters to ascertain the influence of sand dust storm on China. 2. 0 Sand Dust Storm in China 2. Definition â€Å"A sand storm is basically a wind storm that carries sand through the air, forming a relatively low cloud near the ground† (Coenraads 2006, 234). â€Å"Most sandstorms occur in the sandy areas of deserts. Some occur on beaches; dry riverbeds; or deposits of gravel, sand, and silt called alluvial fans† (Dirks 2010, 110). â€Å"Dust storms form in semi-arid and arid regions where small dust and sand particles are blown into the air† (Coenraads 2006, 234). â€Å"A dust storm may occur hundreds of miles and rise to a height of more than 305 meters.It carries as much as 875 metric tons of dust particles per cubic kilometre of air† (Dirks 2010, 392). 2. 2 Location Strong dust storms hit Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 3 W hen did it happen? It happened on March 22, 2010. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 4 What caused the event? Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said, â€Å"This influence of Beijing's dust source is in Mongolia and in middle Inner Mongolia region.The dust was wafted from thousands of meters altitude by the conveying of strong winds. From the perspective of meteorology, this is unstoppable climate phenomena† (Xinhua NET 2010). 2. 5 What areas were affected? The other areas were affected where were â€Å"South Korea, North Korea and Japan by March 22, before being carried across the Pacific Ocean by the jet stream, with some dust reaching the West Coast of the United States† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm 3. 1 Short and long term effects â€Å"The dust storm in late March spiralled around a strong low pressure system.Many areas recorded an extremely rare level 5 â€Å"hazardous† rating f or air quality. Many flights in Beijing were also delayed or cancelled. Air pollution readings in Hong Kong reached a record high, reaching at least 15 times the recommended maximum levels by the World Health Organization. Taiwan also reported a new record for worst sandstorm conditions. A strong sandstorm tore through Turpan in Xinjiang on April 23, sparking fires that killed two people and forcing a shutdown of rail and road traffic for six hours† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). . 2 Extent of the Damage According to the news releases of the state forestry administration desertification monitoring centre of China on March 28 2010, Extent of the Damage of Sand Dust Storm affected 304 counties of 11 provinces and the air of 6 key cities was severely Polluted. The affected area is about 1. 20 square kilometres, the affected population is about 70 million people, and cultivated land area was affected more than 6. 4 million hectares, garden area was more than 1. million hectares, grassland area was more than 65 million hectares. (2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment 2010) 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing Sand Dust Storm does not only appear in the present times, it has already appeared since ancient times. The Sand Dust Storm has appeared since 1425 in Beijing. It normally mainly appeared in Beijing from January to April in Chinese calendar. The probability is 83. 6%. It has appeared almost annually since 2000. (Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm Firstly it is the strong wind. The strong wind uses sand and dust to destroy buildings and public facilities and cause the casualties of people and livestock. Secondly it is sand buried. The wind-drift sand causes a lot of events they are farmland, channel, cottages, railway and pasture were sand buried, and especially cause serious threat for transportation. Th e third way is wind erosion, and the last way is air pollution. Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm The sand dust storm mainly causes 5 results. They are ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. (Dr. Mars 2010) 5. 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm The causes of sand dust storm might be degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. 5. 2 Prevention The Sand Dust Storm has not been prevented yet.Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said,† As long as the sediment sources exist, sandstorm will not disappear† (Xinhua NET 2010). 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster Although there is much harm of sandstorm, but the whole process of sandstorm is a part of natural ecosystem. It can slow the damage of greenhouse effect and slow the acid rain or soil acidification. (TT Aixuan 2010) 6. 0 The End Conclusion The sand dust storm is caused by degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation.Although it is a part of natural ecosystem, it causes lots of damages like: ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. We should try to prevent it with the ways like establish forecast system of sandstorm and improve environmental governance and environmental protection. Recommendations From this research report, we can find a nature rule that is if human cannot protect earth and make the ecological balance ourselves; earth will use its own way to make the balance.But here is a problem that is normally the method of earth uses is more harmful for human than our own way. Reference list 2010 China drought and dust storms. 2010. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2010_China_drought_and_dust_storms#cite_note-21 (accessed November 24, 2010). 2010 new compositi on in the exams preparation material: climate and environment. 2010. http://peng99. com/zuowen/Article/2852_2. shtml (accessed November 25, 2010). Coenraads, R. 2006. Natural disasters and how we cope. Victoria: The Five Mile Press. Dirks, A. 2010. Dust storm in The World Book Encyclopedia.Vol. 5. Chicago: World Book. Dirks, A. 2010. Sandstorm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. Chicago: World Book. Dr. Mars. 2010. Beijing sand dust storm. http://baike. baidu. com/view/3381041. htm (accessed November 26, 2010). TT Aixuan. 2010. Sand duststorm. Bai Du Encyclopedia. http://baike. baidu. com/view/2097. htm (accessed November 24, 2010). Xinhua NET. 2010. Meteorological experts: as long as the sediment sources exist, Beijing sandstorms will not disappear. http://news. sina. com. cn/c/2010-03-20/114119905302. shtml (accessed November 26, 2010).

Ma Earth Essay

Ans1. Heather before being a marketing manager she loved the company and its products. And not only because of its products but also because of their values, that they promised to use all natural ingredients and also ensured that they wouldn’t harm the planet. But in reality the story was different. When she was given the responsibility of campaigning one of its product Ore Essentials, she came to know that the story behind growing the product is quite different. Ma Earth Skin Care was using a different strategy to maintain its image in the market. The company was paying the tribes neither for growing the product there nor for purchasing. They were actually buying its product at a cheap rate from a mainstream supplier. But the company wants to convey its message to the customers that the product is very precious and rare, and they get it only from the tribal area. So this was the ethical issue Heather was facing. She wasn’t ready to accept the way the company was marketing its product. If Heather shows its customers how the company is getting its resources for the Ore Essentials i.e. if she tells them that though the company says that it gets its resources from the tribes but in reality it doesn’t, this would cross a line into unethical territory. Whereas if Heather supports the company i.e. if she shows that the company gets its resources from the tribes rather than showing the actual truth, it can be considered ethical. Ans2. From the customer point of view, the company was fulfilling its corporate social responsibility by paying the tribes for their wellbeing in return for their effort to grow the plants and maintaining them. The company provided the tribal people a school, a health clinic as well as food and clothing. This way the company is effective in practicing its social responsibility. But even though the company is supporting the tribal people, they are cheating its customers by showing false claims. This way the company is not fulfilling its social responsibility.

Women In the US Army Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Women In the US Army - Research Paper Example The information provided in the paper is all factual and based on the events which are related to the role of women in the army and its political effects. The paper starts initially during the early twentieth century and leads to the twenty-first century. It mentions how the policies have evolved with time and the present state. Earlier since the idea of women in uniform was bizarre to the US society as the military leaders, Rogers’ proposition to include women as regular army was not seriously considered. Rather the women’s presence in the army was being perceived as a threat to the existing military. So the superstition that women are best suited for indoor activities such as cooking, washing, childrearing, etc. and that due to their physical weakness and psychological frailty, women would cause nuisances to the soldiers rather than contributing anything worthy during any wartime. This limited approach lead to the arousal of various issues. Considering the status of women as weak, frail and fragile who were always exploding with emotions were not considered to be feasible to be recruited for such harsh jobs. It can also be said that men even considered it to be a threat to their present status and how their dominance might get affected therefore due to which they could not accept this under any circumstances. It needs to be kept in mind that during this era the US society was not as liberal as it claims to be now therefore gender equality did not persist back then because of which problems aroused. Therefore initially they were not deployed for direct combats or trainings but were kept for womanly chores such as nursing, cooking, laundry etc. for the troops. The troops started to depend on these women for their daily necessities. Although these women were merely housekeepers for the troops but they were subjected to the armies code of conduct and had to perform their

The history and legacy of the slave trade and its economic, social and Essay

The history and legacy of the slave trade and its economic, social and cultural impact on the Northwest region of England - Essay Example erscored that the pre-industrialization era encouraged the slave trade as slaves were used mainly in agriculture and other sectors requiring manual labor. The emergence of colonialists also played a significant role since colonies, particularly in Africa, were rich sources of human merchandise. In Europe, Britain rivaled Spain and Portugal in the slave trade. The discovery of the New World was central to this that is why the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were said to be the centuries of trade, as the nineteenth century was the century of production. The â€Å"triangular trade† was the culmination, placing the slave trade as a major engine behind the enormous rise in world trade. Eric Williams and Colin Palmer wrote about this in the book called, Capitalism and Slavery: In this triangular trade England – France and Colonial America – equally supplied the exports and the ships; Africa the human merchandise; the plantations the colonial raw materials. The slave ship sailed from the home country with a cargo of manufactured goods. These were exchanged at a profit on the coast of Africa for Negroes, who were traded on the plantations, at another profit, in exchange for a cargo of colonial produce to be taken back to the home country. (p. 51-52) The Northwestern part of England, particularly the town of Liverpool, is a major slaving port, with its ships and merchants lording over the Atlantic trade. â€Å"The precise reasons for Liverpools dominance of the trade are still debated by historians. Some suggest that Liverpool merchants were being pushed out of the other Atlantic trades, such as sugar and tobacco. Others claim that the towns merchants were more enterprising. A significant factor was the ports position with ready access via a network of rivers and canals to the goods traded in Africa - textiles from Lancashire and Yorkshire, copper and brass from Staffordshire and Cheshire and guns from Birmingham.† (National Museum Liverpool) It is hence, not

Week 8 Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 8 Discussion - Assignment Example However, jury nullification is not the solution of this problem as it weakens the legal system (Heffernan, 2012). If anything, jury nullification aggravates the problem by creating a distinction between people in the society on the basis of caste, color, or race, and thus fueling negative emotions of people belonging to one community against the people of the community whose crimes are nullified by the jury. I will not support the practice of jury nullification in any case regardless of the context or conditions. All human beings are equal and must be treated accordingly in the eyes of law. The law should be blind to the caste, color, race, or creed of the criminals and deal with every criminal in the same way. â€Å"The promotion of jury nullification rests on the assumption that 12 randomly chosen individuals are entitled to override the democratically expressed will of the citizenry† (Chicago Tribune, 2014). The fact that the black community is particularly disadvantaged in the society when it comes to accusations and arrests is a problem that is more deep-rooted than it appears at the surface. Apparently, it is the police that discriminates against the black community. In reality, the whole system of our society has been shaped up in such a way that people belonging to a certain community resort to crime and violence to get their rights. For example, the media frequently shows more blacks committing crimes in dramas and movies than the whites or other communities. So rather than going for such measures as jury nullification, it is more rational to bring a radical change in the society by removing the discriminating elements against the targeted communities at all levels. An arrest that is made without a conviction can have long-lasting disastrous effects on the life of the accused, thus jeopardizing their personal as well as social life. In 2011, the police in Brooklyn arrested a 26 years old single mother and forced her to show them the hidden marijuana

General Style of Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General Style of Writing - Essay Example General Style of Writing There are going to be a number of principles of basic editing that I am going to employ. Some of these include the need to read over all my projects; for at least twice before presenting them. In my case, I made three major symbolic representations in my general writing presentations to make up my general style of writing. These symbolic representations are in no certain order, the use of themes, exclusive use of examples and the use of counter arguments. By the use of themes, reference is being made to the fact that all projects that are written are given precise division to make the discussions well organized. Examples and scenarios are also used in most cases in order to help in elaborating points and ideas that are raised in the cause of the writing. The final section of my style has to be the use of counter arguments to help in brings out clarity on why the side of an argument I held is more justified than the other side I did not support. All in all, my writing cannot be judged as perfect and has its own weaknesses and strengths. Strengths in my Writing Through remarks received from supervisors and in accordance with a number of academic texts studied in the course o f the semester’s study, there are three major strengths I identify in my writing. These are clarity of construction, organization of thoughts and insightfulness in argument. In the first place, I have often used language and syntax that are simple and down to earth to allow for the easy understanding of sentences and contents I put up. In my first project for instance, in my first two projects, there were positive remarks I received from my supervisors specifically for the fact that my thoughts were straight forward and easy to understand. This point is indeed supported by Murray (1998) as a major strength in all forms of writing as he remarks that â€Å"I write my way toward meaning with discovery drafts that usually make the subject come clear.† Secondly, I have always focused on the need to make my writings well organized and structured. I do this by giving themes and sub-heading to major points. Once this is done, there is always the room to make the identification of major points that have been raised in the writings easier and accessible. Finally, I combine simplicity with insightfulness to ensure that the fact that I try to keep the structure and content of my papers simple does not take away from them the in-depth of explanations that the arguments deserve. Weaknesses in my Writing Not withstanding the major strengths discussed about my style of writing, there are a number of weaknesses that can be seen. These weaknesses are evident when reading through some of the major laid down principles in putting up an excellent paper; such as the one presented by Murray (1998). In light of this, it would be said that I have a very wrong approach to accepting criticism that pertain to writing. Contrary to this, Murray (1998) admonishes that â€Å"they must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it.† The writer makes this point referring to writers who seek t o excel in their writing. This means that common mistakes that are made in my writing and are pointed out by friends, colleagues and supervisors must always be taken in good faith and improved upon. Unfortunately, m supervisor seem to be the only person whose input I consider for change. As evidence in my first three project works, there are major corrections that my learning partner pointed out to me, which I ignored. When I finally took the completed work to

Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jurisprudence - Essay Example These higher powers could be a father, a husband, an employer, a principal, a leader etc. This submission is in total support of Thomas Hobbes’ belief that emphasizes on the danger of solitude, poverty and loneliness that usually accompany human short life. . The purpose of expecting some support from these higher powers is to enjoy a sense of security and protection from whatever circumstances that may come their ways. This singular characteristic of men would then put them under authorities. The authorities include but not restricted to monarchical, democratic, aristocratic, theocratic and autocratic leadership. The adverse effect of this human submission to a higher power is that they would be forced to accept the rules and orders issued by these authorities. The power of sovereignty, on most occasions, is unquestionable. Even though the processes of transferring of sovereign power may be through descendancy, hereditary and by force, the subjects have little or no power to reject whoever has received the sovereign power. This condition makes men to be under constant control of a higher power whose actions may be good or bad. Understandably, it takes a group of men to form a state or a nation. And when a group of people who are submi ssive to the sovereign power in charge of their nations, there is every possibility that they would seek a power higher than the current one protecting their lives and property. This is evident in nations coming together to operate under a single umbrella as seen in the formation of the United Nations, European Union, African Union and, of course, Commonwealths. This attitude to follow all rules and regulations laid down by these international bodies demonstrate to a greater degree the willingness of men to unite for a common good, for an assurance of protection by these

The impact of GMP on your job and work environment Essay

The impact of GMP on your job and work environment - Essay Example Ps are the current good manufacturing practices followed by pharmaceutical and biotech firms to ensure the products produced meet specific requirements for identity, quality, and purity. The cGMPs are regulated by FDA under 21 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 210 and 211. Subpart G of part 211, covers the aspects of labeling and packaging control. The failure to comply with any regulation in manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug shall render such drug to be adulterated, as well as the person who is responsible for the failure to comply, shall be subject to regulatory action. Packaging is the art, science and technology of manufacturing goods for sale in a cost effective manner. In the context of pharmaceuticals the packaging must preserve the product from degradation or contamination and, leakage. The particular type of packing should able to identify the product. Every individual employed in the packing of a drug product shall have education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof, to facilitate the person to perform the assigned functions. Adequate number of qualified personnel are required to perform and supervise the packing processes. It is a requirement of GMP, that owner of manufacturing authorizations set up procedures for their packaging operations to minimize the risk of cross-contamination, mix-up or substitutions. Written procedures are indispensable for the receipt, identification, storage, handling, sampling, examination, and/or testing of labeling and packaging materials. These materials are representatively sampled and examined before use. An authorized packaging instructions for each product is required. These should normally include name of the product, description of its pharmaceutical form and strength, where applicable, the pack size, description of packaging operation, including any subsidiary operations, and equipment to be used. It should also comprise in-process controls, with instructions for sampling and

Discuss the ethical implications for soldiers who operate unmanned Essay

Discuss the ethical implications for soldiers who operate unmanned weapons systems - Essay Example Its human nature to fight, and there are no two opinions about the fact that as long as this human race is on the earth, wars will be fought. But perhaps the way wars are fought have changed from time to time. People generally do not agree with the fact that robots should be given that much space in the warfare as they do lack human emotions. When it comes to the debate concerning unmanned systems and who operates them, the British secretary of state has given a very appropriate description by saying that, â€Å"We risk continuing to fight a twenty first century conflict with twentieth century rules.† (Singer, 382), the reason for him to say this is that now wars do not have any place for emotions, mostly they are fought on the basis of ‘kill or be killed’(Atkin, 81). There are great number of rules which are set before a war is commenced, these rules are formed using holy books to conventions and treaties among countries. Mostly these rules try to specify distinc tion between murders and self-defense actions. The ICRC is the only organization which has a voice when it comes to wars and its weapons and what are the humane ways to apply these weapons in wars. There are four basic rules which are applied on weapons used in wars, which are as follows: First nations have to choose the methods and means to fight which is rather very limited (Singer 384). If this rule is not applied by the nations serious consequences would be implied to the whole world. As when in WWII Japan experienced nuclear bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki it was clear that such lethal weapons needed to be banned (Bidwai, and Vanaik, 142). Secondly weapons which cannot discriminate between civilians and warriors are strictly prohibited (Singer, 384). This is the most serious problem which is affecting the morality code when it comes to using any kind of weapons not just unmanned ones. Weapons causing unnecessary suffering are not allowed either (Singer, 384). Again a war is not meant to hurt commoners, and it is also not meant to put any one in a position where the suffering gets unbearable, as everyone knows that in Hiroshima and Nagasaki physically disabled children were born for years due to the after effects of nuclear radiations (Sahu, 189). Lastly any weapons that the international community decides are objectionable for any reason are forbidden (Singer, 384). A great number of weapons have been disallowed to be used in wars, especially weapons of mass destruction (Langford, 4). Unmanned weapons in the warfare have been introduced to save man force from major suffering when battle field is rather intense, but sometimes it looks like these weapons are serving the reverse purpose, by committing innocent lives’ massacre. The second rule of not letting weapons in to the war which cannot differentiate between commoners and enemy soldiers usually prohibits weapons of mass destruction but still these rules could not be properly implemented when w ars are fought. Even today drones are being used to find terrorists, and in the midst innocent people are being killed (Sheehan, 113). So the unsolved query is whether the ethical implication are getting applied in their true spirit, in today’s era when every country is trying to prove its mettle by letting others know what they have in terms of

Sociology and Biological Determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociology and Biological Determinism - Essay Example Before the hormones were found in the early 1920s, scientists believed that sex differences arose from physiologically active substances - the talented women had high level of masculine genes. If the early 20th century such assumptions were logical, today biological determinism fails both in terms of sociology and biology. Contemporary neuroendocrinologists disagree with the key assumptions of biological determinism and point out that the idea of sex hormones is completely misleading (Miller 2000). The characteristics the society attributed to masculinity and femininity are not reflections of biological processes. Gould noted that the critique of biological determinism is timeless and timely at the same time. It is timeless because biological determinism is based on deep errors. It is timely because the same arguments about biological determinism arise at all times (Gould 1999). The first problem with biological determinism as the explanation of social factors (in particular, differentiating between masculine and feminine features) is the misleading name. Biological concept can refer either to evolutionary psychology (brain being not the learning machine shaped by culture, but having the innate skills and predispositions endowed by natural selection. Further, biological determinism is focused on the large group of people (differences between men and women or between the races). Finally, biological determinism fails to address the question of individual genetic destiny - how much of intelligence are heritable and how much of phobias are shaped by the culture and experiences (Johnson 2002). The idea that we are a mix of nature and nurture would seem to be common sense by now. Beyond the basic support systems - breathing, excreting - human personalities are the product of social existence, arriving courtesy of parents, teachers, peer groups, media, dominant id eologies and cultural norms: the product, in other words, of history, both personal and public. Biological determinism limits the human mind purely to abstract learning machines. Sure, all people share the same body plan and probably might have similar DNA to chimpanzee, however, the human brain is another matter. "Natural selection works to homogenize a species into a standard overall design by concentrating the effective genes--the ones that build well-functioning organs--and winnowing out the ineffective ones. Just as we all have the same physical organs, we have the same mental organs" (Johnson 2002, p. 12). This is most obvious in the case of language, where every neurologically intact child is equipped to acquire any human language; but it is true of other parts of the mind as well. Discarding the blank slate has thrown far more light on the psychological unity of humankind than on any differences. Of course, some of the assumptions underlining the biological determinism theory can be referred to as logical. In particular, men might prove to be on average better mathematician than women, while women prove to be more accomplished at the social interactions. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that biological determinism is based on average assumptions: men on average are more prone to violence than women, but any given woman might well be more violent

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay Example for Free

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated various environmental campaigns to gradually resolve the increasing impacts of climate change towards the environment (Silverstein et. al. , 2003 p. 5). The public’s increased attention to such problem is not anymore surprising as it threatens every creature with potentially devastating consequences. However, the subjects of animal health have received lesser attention compared to the economic, industrial and social impacts of climatic changes brought by global warming (Sherman, 2002 p. 204). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), the primary concern of ecologists is the rapid increase of climatic change consistently altering the natural ecology of wildlife in various ecosystems. Based on the annual measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ACO) concentrations, two major signals depicting dramatic ecological patterns have been observed, namely (1) â€Å"seasonal cycle that reflects the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems in the northern hemisphere†, and (2) â€Å"accelerating increase in tropospheric concentrations of ACO since 1957† (Vitousek, 1994). As supported by various studies (Root, Price and Hall et al. , 2003; Vitousek, 1994; Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008), global warming effects, namely (1) increases in temperature, (2) alteration of food chains, and (3) atmospheric gas imbalances, dramatically affect the conditions of animal kingdom. II. Literature Review a. Global Warming: Ecological Imbalance The basic principle of global warming consists of the accumulation of radiation energy from the sun resulting to the warming of the planet’s surface (Houghton, 2004 p. 14). Based on 688 published studies on global warming, the three major environmental impacts affecting the ecological systems of animals and plants are (1) temperature changes, (2) alterations of animal symbiotic relationships, and (3) imbalances in the atmospheric gases (Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008). Based on the study of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), global temperature has increased to approximately 0. 6 degree C since 1880s, and projected to increase consistently with the coming generations. The continuous alterations of climate may be due to the three following reasons: (1) sunspot cycles, (2) volcanic eruptions producing large quantities of fine ash in the air, and (3) the occurrence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (Gupta, 1998 p. 86). In the literary reviews of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003) using 143 different studies, majority of the studies reveal the endangering situations of approximately 80% of species that are now gradually adjusting to various ecosystems due to the physiological constraints brought by ecologic changes. In fact, according to the study of Thomas, Cameron and Green et al. (2004), animal habitats and survival expectations have been altered by the effects of global warming increasing the projected extinction risks to approximately 20% among the sample ecosystems, namely Queensland, Mexico, South Africa, Amazonia and Europe. b. Increases in Temperature With the advent of modernization, auto engines, power plants, industrial mills, and residential heating systems burn coal, oil, or natural gas accounting to 98% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere, while the other 2% id due to the increased deforestation and mining (Tomera, 2001 p. 113). According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), rapid temperature increases and ecological stresses brought by the alterations of ecosystems are disrupting the natural communities of various species, which lead to forced adaptations of species, numerous extirpations and possible extinctions. As supported by the study of Pounds, Bustamante and Coloma et al. (2006), one example of massive animal extinctions occurred in the mountains of Costa Rica wiping 67% of the various 110 species of Atelopus, such as harlequin frog (Atelopus Sp. ) and golden toad (bufo periglenes) and pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), which are endemic to American tropical habitats. In a study conducted by Penuelas, Fillela and Comast (2002), life cycles in a Mediterranean environment (Cardedeu, NE Spain) has been observed from 1952 to 2000 in order to determine possible alterations in the ecosystems and increasing climate changes. With the temperature increase amounting to ? 1. 4 degree C (1952 to 2000), results reveal significant phonological alterations among the different species of animals (e. g. spring migratory birds arriving 15 days later in 2000 compared 1952, etc. ). Noting the mentioned temperature increase in the latter study, Hanson, Sato and Ruedy (2006) suggest that a relative increase of ? 1 degree C is likely to affect the sea levels and exterminate various species. c. Symbiotic Relationships: Predisposing Species Extinction Temperature, climate, and gas imbalances are the leading global warming effects altering the different levels of ecologic symbiosis. The rise of global temperature affects the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals, decomposers and mostly those with lesser thermal tolerance (Portner, 2001). For example, thermally intolerant metazoans and other decomposers have markedly shown increase mitochondrial oxygen demand parallel to the rise of temperature, which resulted to the reduction of their population (Portner, 2001). Using species-area and endemic-area relationships, Malcolm, Liu and Neilson et al. (2006) have identified the projected percent extinctions of sample biodiversities (Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Australia, and Tropical Andes, etc.) ranging from 1 to 43% of the endemic biota (averaging to 11. 6%). Various etiologies derived from disrupted ecological symbiosis explain these projections. Most commonly, the imbalance atmospheric gases and high temperature result to the increased growth of plants with insufficient nutrition brought by low organic property of soil (Kirschbaum, 1995). With the low-nutrient composts, decomposers may gradually decrease disrupting the normal ecosystem-level cycling (Vitousek, 1994). In addition to decomposer disruptions, the study of Kirschbaum (1995) has suggested a marked loss of over 10% of organic soil for every 1 degree C increase in temperature due to the dramatic destruction of temperature-sensitive organic decomposers in different regions globally. These data implies that the increasing trend of temperature rise and gaseous imbalances can dramatically contribute to the extinction of different species.

Operating systems in Nokia phones

Operating systems in Nokia phones Introduction: Operating system basically acts as interface between user and hardware. A mobile operating system also known as mobile OS or a handheld operating system controls the mobile device. It works on the same principle as the operating systems in windows which control the desktop computers. However the mobile operating systems are simpler than that of windows operating systems. Various operating systems used in smart phones include: Symbian OS, Iphone OS, RIMS Blackberry, Linux Palm webOS, Android Windows mobile operating system. Various operating systems along with their detail are: 1) Symbian OS:Symbian operating system is designed for mobile devices with associated libraries, user interface, and framework. It is used in various models of the phones around 100 models use this. It consists of kernel and middleware components of software stack. The upper layers are supplied by application platforms like S60, UIQ and MOAP. This is NOKIA N92 with Symbian OS. Reasons for designing Symbian OS: To ensure the integrity and security of data, Utilize the user time, All resources are scarce. Designing of Symbian OS: It uses a microkernel which has a request and call-back approach to services. It maintains the separation between user interface and design. Mobile view controller is the object oriented design used by the applications and the OS. This OS is optimised for low power battery based devices and for ROM based systems. The Symbian kernel supports sufficiently-fast real time response to build a single-core phone around it—that is, a phone in which a single processor core executes both the user applications and the signaling stack. Structure of Symbian model: UI Framework Layer Application services layer Java ME OS services layer Generic OS services Communication services Multimedia and graphics services Connectivity services Base services layer Kernel services and hardware interface layer. It uses microkernel architecture i.e., it includes only the necessary parts in order to maximize the robustness, responsiveness and availability. It contains scheduler, memory management and device drivers. Symbian is designed to emphasize compatibility with other devices, especially removable media file systems. There is a large networking and communication subsystem, which has three main servers called: ETEL i.e, EPOC telephony, ESOCK i.e, EPOC sockets and C32 which is responsible for serial communication. Each of these has a plug-in scheme. All native Symbian C++ applications are built up from three framework classes defined by the application architecture: an application class, a document class and an application user interface class. These classes create the fundamental application behaviour. Symbian includes a reference user-interface called TechView. It provides a basis for starting customization and is the environment in which much Symbian test and example code runs. Versions of Symbian OS: Symbian OS v6.0 and 6.1 Symbian OS 7.0 and 7.0s Symbian OS 8.0 Symbian OS 8.1 Symbian OS 9.0 Symbian OS 9.1 Symbian OS 9.2 Symbian OS 9.3 Symbian OS 9.4 Symbian OS 9.5 2) Iphone OS: It is internet and multimedia mobile phone designed by apple Inc. The Iphone functions as a camera phone, a portable media player, and an internet client. Iphone OS is an operating system that runs on Iphone. It is based on the same DARWIN operating system used in MAC OS X. It is responsible for the interfaces motion graphics. The operating system takes up less than half a GB of the devices total storage (4 to 32GB). It is capable of supporting bundled and future applications from Apple, as well as from third-party developers. Software applications cannot be copied directly from Mac OS X but must be written and compiled specifically for Iphone OS. Like the iPod, the Iphone is managed with iTunes. The earliest versions of Iphone OS required version 7.3 or later, which is compatible with Mac OS X version 10.4.10 Tiger or later, and 32-bit or 64-bit Windows XP or Vista. The release of iTunes 7.6 expanded this support to include 64-bit versions of XP and Vista, and a workaround has been discovered for previous 64-bit Windows operating systems. Apple provides free updates to Iphone OS through iTunes, and major updates have historically accompanied new models. Such updates often require a newer version of iTunes — for example, the 3.0 update requires iTunes 8.2 — but the iTunes system requirements have stayed the same. Updates include both security patches and new features. For example, Iphone 3G users initially experienced dropped calls until an update was issued. 3) Android OS: Android is a mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel. It allows developers to write managed code in the Java language, controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries. The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 47 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. 4) Palm webOS: It is a mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel with proprietary components developed by Palm. The Palm Pre Smartphone is the first device to launch with webOS, and both were introduced to the public at the Consumer Electronics Show. The Palm Pre and webOS were released on June 6, 2009. The second device to use the operating system, the Palm Pixi, was released on November 15, 2009. The webOS features significant online social network and Web 2.0 integration. Features: WebOSs graphical user interface is designed for use on devices with touch screens. It includes a suite of applications for personal information management and makes use of a number of web technologies such as HTML 5, JavaScript, and CSS. Palm claims that the design around these existing technologies was intended to spare developers from learning a new programming language. The Palm Pre, released on June 6, 2009, is the first device to run this platform. 5) Rims Blackberry OS: A proprietary multi-tasking operating system (OS) for the BlackBerry is provided by RIM which makes heavy use of the devices specialized input devices, particularly the scroll wheel or more recently the trackball and track pad. The OS provides support for Java MIDP 1.0 and WAP 1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronization with Microsoft Exchange Servers e-mail and calendar. The current OS 4 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and allows complete wireless activation and synchronization with Exchanges e-mail, calendar, tasks, notes and contacts. Third-party developers can write software using these APIs, proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well, but any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. There is only the guarantee of authorship of an application but not of the quality or security of the code. This is blackberry 7250 displaying the icons provided to it by the use of a proprietary multi-tasking operating system (OS). 6) Windows mobile operating systems: Windows Mobile is a compact operating system developed by Microsoft, and designed for use in smartphones and mobile devices. It is based on Windows CE, and features a suite of basic applications developed using the Microsoft Windows API. It is designed to be somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows, feature-wise and aesthetically. Additionally, third-party software development is available for Windows Mobile, and software can be purchased via the Windows Marketplace for Mobile. Originally appearing as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system, Windows Mobile has been updated multiple times, with the current version being Windows Mobile 6.5. Most Windows Mobile phones come with a stylus pen, which is used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen. Windows Mobiles share of the Smartphone market has fallen year-on-year, decreasing 20% in Q3 2009. It is the 4th most popular Smartphone operating system, with a 7.9% share of the worldwide Smartphone market. The figure showing windows operating system used in smartphones.

Generic Concept Of Authenticity In Pop Music Music Essay

Generic Concept Of Authenticity In Pop Music Music Essay This thesis and its associated research had its origins in my own fascination with the generic concept of authenticity, as it exists within life generally, and specifically within popular music. The dualities of good/bad, genuine/false, honest/fraudulent, and creative/derivative have always been present within the ranks of musicians and their performances. This thesis is intended to reconcile and explain the distinctions within these dualities, and to develop a model for evaluating authenticity within popular music. An Hypothesis on Authenticity in Popular Music As a foundation for the research and development in this thesis, I will explain my own stance on the key issue of authenticity. There are six key tenets within this proposition: Authenticity functions as a marker of quality Authenticity can be evaluated. Authenticity is not a finite concept. An Hermeneutic approach is essential in measuring authenticity Authenticity judgement requires a prior-researched description of genre Authenticity may only be assigned to a single piece of musicking. Here are some details of each one: 1.1.1. Authenticity functions as marker for Quality Whilst there are some ingredients of Authenticity that are more easily measurable, there are other criteria which are more subjective, and where evaluation of them is an activity more determined by expert consensus, or personal taste and background. Judgements made using these criteria are largely unquantifiable, and often in the form of personal assessments. Some of these judgements may be socially and culturally constructed, and are shared between groups of people, notably in the case of fans, critics, or enthusiasts of a specific type of music, or a particular performer. Students and researchers of popular music would normally adopt a more balanced and catholic judgement, so that an equally fair evaluation would be made on a piece of country-rock music, as would be made on a piece of punk music. Authenticity is a description of the provenance and integrity of a recorded, or live performance, as well as a definition of musical skill, tunefulness, and of a listeners personal gratifi cation. The judgement, or evaluation, of some aspects of authenticity of a piece of musicking may use less scientific criteria than others, wherein the measurement is inevitably affected by the tastes of the judge or evaluator. I have drawn extensively on Christopher Small (1998:2-3) and his eleven activities within musicking, in developing my own nineteen criteria for evaluating Authenticity, which operate as a hermeneutic circle, and of which the first fourteen relate to recorded songs, with an additional five criteria for evaluating live performances of songs. Here is a brief description of my nineteen criteria: The Notation This element is less important in popular music than in classical music, since the main method of transmission has not been through stave notation, but through recording, and performance. (Moore, A.F 2001:34) However, where it originally exists, or where subsequent notation has taken place on existing works, there is still value in its inclusion as a criterion, particularly where patterns of notation may be compared within several songs, or where consistent notational motifs may be identified Lyrics Whilst I contend that it is Performance and Reception that are central to the true meaning of a song, the lyrics have a strong bearing on this. It is also possible to identify common patterns in lyrics (Wall, T 2003:129) as well as everyday language in the context of performance, and collective responses and aspirations (Frith, S 1988:121) The words of the song should usually be grammatically correct and recognisable, and the overall content should be rational. Biography This element should also be twinned with autobiography as it refers to the use and influence of personal history, upbringing, nurture and culture on singer/songwriters and their eventual compositions and performances. It is an essential element to consider as far as authenticity is concerned, and in my view has been vastly under-analysed, and has been allocated insufficient importance. Recognised Influences There are undoubted connections here with my Biography element (No. 3), in that childhood and developmental influences are nearly always lasting, especially where they have been received in an emotional context (e.g. happy, sad, or painful). But in addition consideration is needed on more contemporary influences, both of musical, and of other types. Song Structure An important element in the primary text is the actual shape of the song, in terms of its musical texture, its use of instruments and voices, its rhythmic organisation and its relationship to lyrics. This is often a key factor in the determination of a genre. It is important that there is a pleasing shape to the song, with sufficient changes (verses and choruses), a comprehensible story line, and an appropriate length. There should also be a balance between familiarity and variety, and the song must have sufficient familiarity to provide comfortable reception, whilst, on the other hand, offering something new and challenging. Melody This is a pattern of pitches and rhythm that creates a tune or song, and as such, underpins the whole content of a song. It is the melody that, to a large extent, is the basis for the Emotion (No.13) element of the song. In popular music, the melody usually comprises verses and chorus, but with variety in the phrasing and lyrics. Meaning and Intellectuality The meaning of a musical piece may be interpreted in an abstract or a universal manner, and Composition may be viewed as having a subtle difference in meaning from some Performances. Such differences may also affect the meaning from the position of Reception, but it is easier to see musical works anchored to specific time, place, and cultural situations. This aspect is probably the most difficult to analyse scientifically, since the central question is whether the lyrics and/or the music stimulate some intellectual curiosity, with ultimate satisfaction. Context This broad topic is important not just for the more obvious analysis of Performance, and Reception, but also for the historical and biographical context in which a song was composed. Again there will be some interconnection with aspects of Biography and especially factors such as class, culture, gender, and politics. Instrumental The traditional rock line-up of a band is two or three guitars and drums, but in the case of country-rock and its convoluted development phase, many other instruments were involved. The exploration of the use of these instruments, and the ways in which they have contributed to the Performance and Reception of music is essential. Much has been written on the appropriate use of specific instruments and their relationship to the true membership of a genre, as well as whether there are acceptable levels of musical proficiency demonstrated in the execution of the song by the instrumentalists. Vocal Most popular music involves one or more voices, and this element is concerned with how these voices are used, singly or harmoniously, and the ways in which communication is established between singer and listener (Moore, A.F 2001: 44/5) It is arguable that, in many cases, it is the voice that is the final arbiter in establishing whether a piece of music is authentic or not. It is important that acceptable levels of musical proficiency are demonstrated in the execution of the song by the vocalist/s. Production This mainly Performance related element deals with the technical, and technological systems used to aid and enhance performance, as well as the choices made about instrumentation, vocals and, in some cases, stagecraft. There is a natural interlinking with other hermeneutical elements. The technical production of the recording should meet standard conventions of the genre, in regard to the mixing, the balance, and the volume as well as any additional enhancements. Cohesion and Balance (including Sonic Balance) This element is concerned with the extent to which the band is playing as a team with appropriate use of instruments and vocals, and to which the various instrumental and vocal elements within the performance/recording are balanced, so that a smooth and cohesive overall sound is achieved. Connectivity and Emotivity It is important that the listener/receiver, acknowledges a personal relationship with the song, lyrically and/or musically with the song exciting some form of emotion upon reception, and in which the listener/receiver is sufficiently stimulated and curious to have a desire to hear the song again. The Leader Within a band, the style of performance may be dictated or at least highly influenced by the leader who is often, although not always the singer. This inevitably affects the Reception of the music. However, the Composition of the music also needs to be considered in the light of the leader, for even if it is not he/she that is the main author, the style of the piece could be shaped by his/her approach. Repertoire This is what Christopher Small terms The Drama of Relationships (Small, C 1998:158) Each musical performance has, or should have, a recognisable narrative, or a set-list and this is most significant in the analysis of Reception. The psychology inherent within constructing a performance including many songs is important in the development of Audience Rapport, or even individual fan admiration. Stagecraft Middleton (1990:168) recognises false music and true music, where false means corrupt, manipulated, over-complex, and mechanical, and true means natural, spontaneous, and traditional. In these senses, the interpretation of drama, and a sense of theatre in the performance and reception of popular music are always important. It is inevitably connected to Repertoire, but is far more than this single item. Again, only in a live performance, the image presented by the performers through body movement, gestures, stance, and cohesion should augment the reception of the song. Planning and Organisation This thoroughly contemporary affair as Christopher Small puts it (Small, C 1998:30) includes the organisation of performances, the role of publicity and advertising, and the ways in which the audience is prepared for the Reception. Whilst they are not directly a composite part of a piece of music or its actual performance, the intricacies of the arrangements undoubtedly sway perceptions of a musical show or concert. Venue This, of course is solely a Performance/Reception element but, like Planning and Organisation, is extremely powerful, since the size, shape, location, construction, lighting and acoustics will exert major pressures on the ultimate performance. Audience Rapport This element is concerned with the intimacy, community, bonding and sharing of an audience and the ways in which they are able to persuade each other. It is also concerned with individual and group participation in the Performance and its effect on the perceptions of authenticity. In a live performance, there must be a general and universal approval demonstrated towards the song as demonstrated through facial and bodily expression during the performance and applause at the end. Having described all nineteen elements used in the assessment of Authenticity, it should be stressed that whilst Authenticity is a term that provides for a description of the integrity of a piece of musicking, this integrity is not always synonymous with attractiveness, as recognised by huge swathes of the worlds population. As I show in this dissertation there are plenty of examples of music that are authentic, according to measurement of many of the criteria, but which are not necessarily well received. Conversely there are many instances of well-received musicking that are not of a high level of authenticity as related to the other criteria. In other words, Authenticity is not finite. 1.1.2. Authenticity is not a finite concept. Authenticity has so many different components (I have identified at least nineteen) as well as many mediators, so that relative judgements on each of the items would almost certainly mean that a final decision as to whether the song was authentic, could never result in a simple yes or no, but would be a relative assessment. The more appropriate question that should be posed by the judge, or evaluator, would be: to what extent has this song/performance been deemed to be authentic? A piece of musicking may, for example, have some authentic attributes, such as a truly original instrumental performance, and the vocal qualities may be genuine, whereas its lyrical content may be mundane, and derivative, thus rendering the song only partially authentic. This particular principle relegates the rockism argument, described in other parts of this thesis, to a peripheral position, since it accommodates varying degrees of authenticity, rather than insisting on one broad form of music being superior to another, simply based on its provenance. Rockists are people who consider that there were, and occasionally still are, golden periods of Rock, illuminated by artists and performances which contain an honesty, authenticity, and value of which the mainstream of performers in pop music are both incapable and unconcerned. The differences that show themselves when evaluating Authenticity, particularly in the contrasts between the more objective criteria and those that embody the expression of values generated and constructed by the critical and fan community, mean that an evaluation of authenticity cannot remain in perpetuity, and that it has a clear temporal characteristic, wherein evaluation may change over time. Therefore, despite the fact that judgements on the Authenticity of pieces of musicking may be made, they are essentially of a relative nature. 1.1.3. Authenticity can be evaluated There are many different hypotheses on the topic of musical authenticity, many of which have been reviewed and assessed within this thesis, all of which, without exception, explain the concept in notional terms, whilst avoiding any attempt to develop, or impose, a quantitative measurement of judgement. The decision on the authenticity of a piece of musicking, has been derived from a qualitative evaluation, left to the complex devices supposedly inherent within the intellectual abilities of a few senior musicologists and experts, or socially and culturally constructed values. I propose that, with the application of a list of authenticity criteria, built into a hermeneutic framework, there are a number of activities that can move the efficacy of the judgement towards a more accurate qualitative assessment, albeit still with strong elements of discrimination within it. 1.1.4. A hermeneutic approach is essential in evaluating authenticity Since each evaluation criterion has influences upon, and from, each of the other criterion, the idea of a circle is used so that ones understanding of a piece of musicking, as a whole, is established by reference to the individual criteria and ones understanding of each individual criterion by reference to the whole. Neither the whole piece nor any individual criterion can be understood without reference to one another, and hence, it is a circular process. Strictly speaking, hermeneutics was originally conceived as means of cultivating the ability to understand things from someone elses point of view, and to set aside ones own predelictions and tastes. So the whole evaluation exercise must be considered in full awareness of the evaluation conclusions which may have been reached by the relevant community practice, before and during the judgement process. Using the tools and procedures that I have developed to make an ultimate judgement on both authenticity, ensures that the decision will be as informed, researched, and analytical as is possible. 1.1.5. Authenticity judgement requires a researched description of genre Whilst I have described in some detail the general nature of a range of criteria that I have allocated to Authenticity [including Quality], it is important that the Authenticity criteria are enhanced and made more explicit. This should be done through a close examination, and subsequent description, of the genre that one is analysing (in this thesis, my exemplar is country-rock music). There have been major academic debates on the nature of genre, and in particular whether genre is a stable item rather than a temporal one. My position is based on the assumption that genre may be fixed and stationary, if one is, firstly, prepared to accept the existence of a continuum of a multitude of popular music styles, within which many different genres and sub-genres reside. Secondly, and perhaps paradoxically, it is important to acknowledge that the detailed description of any single genre, or sub-genre, is not universally acknowledged and is, therefore never canonically explicit. The nature of both of these conditions will be influenced by the beliefs and convictions of individual researchers. This means that genre definitions will inevitably vary, albeit within boundaries. Nevertheless, it is essential to generate a broad genre template through which authenticity may be evaluated. It is important to note that authenticity may be a validity descriptor of a piece of musicking, both in general terms, in the sense that the song has been composed, performed, and received in an authentic manner, but also in genre specific terms; so that a song may be classed as being authentic blues or authentic country-rock. The significance of this lies in the need to define genre-parameters when attempting to evaluate authenticity within a genre; hence the statement: Authenticity Judgement Requires A Researched Description Of Genre. 1.1.6. Authenticity may only be assigned to a single piece of musicking Within Popular Music, I propose that the evaluation of authenticity may only be made as far as a recorded or performed song is concerned. Authenticity comprises a number of attributes of composition, performance and reception, but is largely concerned with sound, rather than the characteristics of a human being. Therefore, authenticity cannot be assigned to an artist, other than in a general sense, through a judgement of his/her individual performance of a song. It may be seductive to contemplate the authenticity of an artist, as has been done frequently over the history of popular music, and as argued forcibly by the Rockists. Indeed, many rock artists have been accorded that epithet, including Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Bono, Leonard Cohen, and Lou Reed. However, human authenticity is a complex and hugely debatable concept. For example, it is arguable that even these notable performers could only be described as authentic, if they were to have totally eschewed commercial gain, desire for glory, or other forms of psychological reward during their long and successful lives. This has patently not been the case. Of course, it is arguable that human authenticity could be assessed on the basis that it is not a finite concept (as I have professed is the case for musicking). However, the study of authenticity of individual human beings, would be a multi-faceted, and almost impossible task, since there are so many variables and criteria, which would need to be taken into account, such that even a relative evaluation would involve an extremely complex decision-making process. It is most certainly not within the remits of my research within this thesis. It is also important to stress that the epithet of authenticity cannot be assigned to a body of work, rather than a single song or piece of music, but is only related to individual performances/recordings of songs. It would be possible, however, to make assessments of a number of individual songs performed by one artist or even an assembled group of artists, wherein it might then be possible to offer an overall measurement of the degree of authenticity of that particular set of songs but it would be an average, or mean, of the total assessment. On the same basis, it would be technically possible, albeit extremely arduous and time-consuming, to carry out such an exercise on the entire output of a particular artist. It should be stressed that even so, the eventual conclusion would still be an evaluation of the performance of the music, rather than the person. At this point I should also restate that my position holds that the evaluation of Authenticity of a live performance of a song may be made, even though this will inevitably differ from the recorded version of the same song. All of the criteria used in the evaluation of a recorded song will apply to a live performance of a song, but there will also be a few additional elements that should be applied. These are listed under an earlier principle (Authenticity functions as a marker for Quality)

Essay --

Inequality refers to the differences in living conditions in a society; it could also be defined as an unequal distribution of a country’s resources across its population. Inequality is obviously an important issue, since higher levels of inequality will usually translate into higher levels of poverty, crime and social unrest. However, it is often ignored by society. This is because people have many misconceptions about inequality and it’s origins. Some argue that there is an equality of opportunity and that it’s people’s fault if they earn less than they should. However this is a myth, since most hard working low-income students rarely attend college and when they do, they usually attend public universities. Which leaves them at a great disadvantage, so the idea that poor people are poor because they ‘haven’t worked as hard’ or because they are ‘lazy’ is a very ignorant one, which people choose to believe in ord er to justify inequality. I decided to explore inequality further because it is deeply rooted in Egyptian society; it is one of the few places where you can find luxurious, five-star hotels right next poverty-stricken slums and since the revolution the problem of inequality has been a hot topic in Egyptian society and politics. Egypt’s Gini coefficient, which is the most commonly used measure of income inequality, stands at around 30.7 (World Bank 2009). Inequality is seen as limiting to both Egypt’s potential economic growth and to the desired reduction in poverty. Agricultural economics expert Nadia Belhaj Hassine sums up inequality perfectly in the World Bank review of inequality of opportunity in Egypt: Inequality of outcomes, such as in income or education, reï ¬â€šects differences in effort an... ...reasing trade liberalization. This includes policies such as tarrif reductions, which have lead to expansions of many economic sectors, which in turn have reduced inequality for urban and rural skilled men, as well as for women (gender inequality) and has seen increased employment opportunites for women. However, the success of such policies in reducing inequality had its limitations, as at the same time there has been an increase in inequality for unskilled men and for skilled women in rural areas (Chahir & Zaki 2012). It can be said that such trade liberalization policies are partially responsible for Egypt’s declining income inequality as the expansion of certain sectors has reduced gender inequality and inequality between rural and urban areas, while increasing inequality for men who are unskilled and skilled women in rural areas.

Pompey :: essays research papers

Question: Account for Pompey’s rise to political prominence between 78- 62 BC. You are to examine and analyse political machinations of Pompey and attempt to explain how he managed to fulfil his ambition. You must establish a clear understanding of the complexities of the political situation and the effects of the Civil War. Gnaeus Pompeius Crassus, better known as Pompey, or Pompey the Great, was born on September the 20th, 106 BC. Pompey was a Roman general and statesman, the erstwhile ally of Julius Caesar, but later his arch rival for power. Pompey was born in Rome into a senatorial family, and established an impressive military record. He brought an end to the Servile War instigated by the slave Spartacus; cleared the Mediterranean Sea of pirates; conquered the kingdoms of Pontus, Armenia and Syria; and captured Jerusalem in 61 BC. He entered Rome in triumph, but encountered opposition from the Senate. Pompey then formed an alliance, commonly called the First Triumvirate, with Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus. The career of Pompeius opened in fraud and violence. It was instigated, in war and peace, through illegality and treachery. Pompey was a great general, but a bad politician. Pompey helped to end the slave revolt of Spartacus in 72 BC. Because of his leadership abilities, Pompey was elected consul in 70 BC. However, he ran into opposition in the senate, especially from Marcus Crassus, and returned to leading the army to more conquests. Pompey was an opportunist, he worked by himself, all the while leading the senate to think that he was working with them. He manipulated the senate to make out that Caesar was dangerous. Pompey became the most powerful man in Rome. During the time of his political prominence, the senate was very weak. Because of Pompeys popularity with the public and his military ability, along with his opportunism, he rose to this political prominence by his political machinations. The Civil War between Gnaeus Marius and Lucius Sulla was a major factor that effected his political situation. Pompey was a young, confident man who had a habit to boast of the magnitude of his clientela, to advertise monarchs and nations bound to his personal allegiance. (Ad fam. 9, 9, 2: ‘regum ac nationum clientelis quas oestentare crebro solebat). Pompey had from Thrance to the Causasus and down to Egypt acknowledging his predominance. The worship of power, paid homage to Pompey as a god, a saviour and a benefactor, devising before long a novel title, ‘the warden of earth and sea’.

Reaction Plan on Global Warming Essay

Global warming refers to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect, in which gases in the upper atmosphere trap solar radiation close to the planet’s surface instead of allowing it to dissipate into space. Both natural and human-made conditions can contribute to global warming, but human beings can do several things to reduce the effects. The biggest cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide released when fossil fuels — such as oil and coal — are burned for energy. So when you save energy, you fight global warming and save money, too. Here are some easy steps that you can take to help make a difference: 1. Limit Private Vehicle Driving. A very easy way to control ozone depletion would be to limit or reduce the amount of driving as vehicular emissions eventually result in smog which is a culprit in the deterioration of the ozone layer. Walk, bike or take the bus more often. You’ll save one pound of carbon d ioxide for every mile you don’t drive. 2. Use Eco-friendly Household Cleaning Products. Usage of eco-friendly and natural cleaning products for household chores is a great way to prevent ozone depletion. This is because many of these cleaning agents contain toxic chemicals that interfere with the ozone layer. A lot of supermarkets and health stores sell cleaning products that are toxic-free and made out of natural ingredients. 3. Avoid Using Pesticides. Pesticides may be an easy solution for getting rid of weed, but are harmful for the ozone layer. The best solution for this would be to try using natural remedies, rather than heading out for pesticides. You can perhaps try to weed manually or mow your garden consistently so as to avoid weed-growth. 4. Don’t Burn Your Trash. Every burning emits carbon dioxide especially plastic. Instead of burning your waste, segregate them and some things like cans and plastic can be sold while some can be recycled. 5. Plant a Tree. A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon  dioxide over its lifetime. Because carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, planting trees and other plants can slow or stop global warming. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. They use carbon to build their own tissues and return some of it to the soil in a process called sequestration. Deforestation of rain forests is a large contributor to global warming and CO2 emissions, but planting new trees, even in your own backyard, can help to offset this. 6. Turn off Electronic Devices. Simply turning off your television, stereo and computer when you’re not using them will save you thousands of pounds of carbon dioxide a year. 7. Conserve Water. Turn off water immediately whenever you’re not using it, and repair or replace leaky faucets and toilets. 8. Change a Light. Replacing one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent bulb will save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. CFLs last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat. 9. Reduce Fossil Fuel Use. Burning fossil fuels increases the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. There are two ways to reduce fossil fuel use: Use less energy, or use alternative, nonpolluting energy sources like solar and wind power 1) At home, this translates to saving electricity by using energy-efficient appliances and compact fluorescent light bulbs, as well as reducing gasoline use and buying green power from your electricity provider, if available. 10. Reduce Waste. The production of garbage contributes to global warming both directly and indirectly. Decomposing waste in landfills produces methane and other greenhouse gases. Waste also requires energy to manufacture in the first place. Reducing your consumption patterns and reusing items whenever possible minimizes your carbon footprint, since fewer new items need to be made. Recycling metal, plastic, glass and paper lowers greenhouse gas emissions, since recycled items take far less energy to manufacture than items produced from scratch. 11. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Do your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminum cans. If there isn’t a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household  waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually. 12. Tell Others about Global Warming. Many Filipinos are still not aware of this frightening situation of our world. Tell it to your friends, neighbors and to your classmates.

The Catwoe Analysis System Health And Social Care Essay

Sweden is the 3rd largest advance in Hesperian Europe. It is a comfort qualified and sophisticated state and provides a criterion of health help that is admired by umpteen outside(a) health c atomic number 18 suppliers and it has on a regular basis ranked at or near the top of roughly comparative analyses of international health oversight agreements ( Sweden Association of Local Authorities and Regions, 2005 ) .Sweden is a constitutional monarchy based on a parliamentary democracy. The proprietors of the habitual health arranging of rules atomic number 18 the state s ternary democratically elected degrees of authorities. Parliament passes enactment law, decides on province gross and sub due and has overall duty for development in health financial aid. Administration is decentralised and the health circumspection bringing outline is man decrepit by 21 county councils. Based on geographical locations, the councils atomic number 18 amenable for the health of the universe of discourse in their several countries. This involves non only when the provision of health vigilance barely overly health frequentity and disease sedan ( European spotter on health Systems and Policies, 2005 ) . County councils anyways regu new-fashi angiotensin-converting enzymed offstage wellness oversight ( Mighealth, 2009 ) . The 290 local councils ( urban countries ) are responsible for aged management and nurse places, including mint with physical or cordial disablements.Transformations Sweden ope rolls a individual remunerator, decentralised, in humans owned abstractive account, supplying wellness policy to every person. Overall 85 % of wellness charge comes from public resist. County councils are responsible for the majority of support and operations. Over 90 % of county gross goes to wellness solicitude, which is funded chiefly from revenue enhancement enhancement levies. The municipalities are responsible for the support and b ringing of long term heed and social function. Both the county councils and the municipalities make believe the right(a) to impose relative income revenue enhancements. until immediately though persons enjoy cosmopolitan wellness insurance they are silence equal to(p) to little co-payments and fees for hospital visits, pharmaceuticals and other service. County councils to a fault regulate private wellness perplexity. A private wellness attention supplier must h aging an understanding in drift to be reimbursed by societal insurance, at that placefore private wellness attention ( with a few exclusions ) is publicly funded in footings of insurance ( Mighealth, 2009 ) . Private insurance is genuinely limited and alone somewhat 2.3 % of persons chose to bargain for private auxiliary programs ( European observation tower on wellness Systems and Policies, 2005 ) . Servicess are by and large limited to those non unattached in the public wellness attention t happenk. near wellness attention is provided in wellness Centres where the histrions are the people who deliver services are the multidisciplinary squad. Around 25 % of these wellness Centres are in private hold up endeavors that are commissi sensationd by county councils. at that place are around 60 infirmaries countrywide with a little puzzle out of them existence regional infirmaries that offer extremely specialised attention. The county councils employ the bulk of doctors with a salary or on a capitated rate. Doctors outhouse work outside the public wellness system wholly notwithstanding patients induct to pay the full cost.Swedish wellness attention consumes about one ten percent of the state s entire resources. Therefore it is minuteant that the resources be used sagely and be efficaciously. environ psychogenic restraints faced by Sweden implicate the deuce rule factors that are giving pilfer to change magnitude wellness attention beat out internationally. First there is the demand to change state cost effectivity with increased public demands based on progresss in technology and discussion. These increased demands equate to lifting wellness attention costs which may be impossible to the population who already pay higher(prenominal) revenue enhancements than many a(prenominal) other European states. Additionally Sweden, like the remainder of the westbound universe has an increasing ageing population. 17 % of its citizens are over 65 old ages of age ( Gennser, 1996 ) . There are dickens typical schools of idea sing how the add-on in the aged population go out feign public wellness attention. whizz position is that the future growing of the aged population allow bring forrader major additions in wellness beat outs which are non likely sustainable effrontery the original administration and support of wellness attention. The differentiate position suggests that wellness attention outgos give increase as a present moment of the growing in the aged population, but most of the growing in wellness attention outgos lead be tractable because of some combination of the reallocation of outgos from the fledgling to the old, attendant additions in productiveness and beginnings ensuing from new engineerings and efficiencies betterments in spite of appearance the wellness attention sector. Whichever position is favoured there is still an increased demand for healthcare intercessions in footings of intervention, attention and bar likewise.Sweden compares favorably in a universe position of wellness attention systems. Whereas in most European states at that place has been an addition in disbursement as a per centum of GDP, Sweden has been the exclusion as it has fallen over a figure of old ages. The last two decennaries sacrifice seen many European states set up wellness system reforms aimed at controling the lifting rate of disbursement growing, increase capacity and discover pick and reactivity and all this at a clip w hen the sum of attention to be delivered is get gobble uping to draw the available resources. Sweden has worked at run intoing these purposes whilst still universe committed to cosmopolitan entryway and equity in service proviso. case Two Analyse the key reforms that redeem been implemented in this wellness systemover the past decennary.Although the underlying number aspect of the Swedish wellness system has remained sensibly consistent over the last half century, negative tendencies in the economic system which were rendering the system unsustainable in the late 1980 s led to a good turn discontent amongst the populace. After three decennaries of rapid economic growing, the economic system was decelerating down. As a consequence of this in the mid-nineties major reforms evolved in many countries of Sweden, where wellness suppliers experimented with new economic inducements among wellness attention suppliers. These included the debut of the purchaser/ supplier split, DRG -based reimbursements and extended patient pick. The DRG monetary esteem mechanism was introduced in 1990 and by basically attaching an official monetary value book to every infirmary intervention, authorities reckon shapers enabled suppliers both to better their public foundation and to switch the system s focal point to the demands of health-care consumers. In a single-payer notional account without monetary values the heraldic bearing of health-care workers is to make everything possible to handle patients successfully, and people who need intervention be effrontery to drench the system with demand. Funders constricted by budgets so seek to command crop costs by seting a cap on the volume of attention, an action which creates deficits and hold lists. When compensation beyond the bound is lessen or withdrawn, the production of services slows down and even Michigans. Puting monetary values ass into the equation in Sweden changed inducements. Not merely was hospital sup port improved by the increased production of services, but excessively private suppliers were available to execute interventions on an equal footing. This stimulation to productiveness demand that reimbursement degrees be transparent, stable and dependable. The fairness covert in the DRG pricing system and the schooling it conveyed enabled buyers to be split from suppliers within publically funded health care ( Hjertqvist, 2002 ) .Patient rights were alike really much in focal point during the 1890ss, there were alterations in waiting list warrants both in 1992 and 1997 and as the Patients Rights Reform came approximately in 1999, although there were alterations to the latter some old ages subsequently. They have shown a turning committedness towards wellness publicity. Preventive attention potentially offers a cost-efficient alternate to high-cost engineering and medical exam attention.Part Three Explain how one of these chief reforms could be applied within the Maltese syst em in order to either contain public outgo or increase quality and efficiency. rational ailment wellness is noted as one of the largest public wellness jobs in Sweden. It excessively is an country that has been capable to the purchaser/provider attack. Dr Thomas Flodin, a gore member of the Swedish Medical Association, say he did non hold any remonstrance to increased usage of the private sector. What is of import is non who provides the attention, but that it remains available to everyone. And this seems to be one of the underlying features of the Swedish system ( cited by Triggle, 2005 ) .Presently in Malta private mental wellness service suppliers are limited to Consultant Psychiatrists who although seeing patients in private, finally rely on public services for attention and intervention or likewise para-professional such as psychologists. With merely one psychiatric infirmary and centrally managed para-services there is a monopoly on mental sick wellness service proviso. I f this theoretical account was to be adopted so trade inducements could be introduced into a system that is presently publically managed. The production of services would go the exclusive concern of supplier organic structures. This may non needfully watch to new suppliers but may besides include infirmaries, nursing places and conjunction wellness Centres, who would no longer keep a budget and make up ones brainiac how it should be spent. central budgets are a tool to cut down costs during times of economic diminution. Servicess are lessen and activity slows down ( e.g. deficiency of community mental wellness services, bed barricading due to deficiency of services to ease run of patients ) . Alternatively, gross would depend on contracts from buyers. Buyers would non be consumers or patients, but buying governments accomplished to purchase ( but non bring by ) wellness services. The buying governments would be outfit to procure betterments in wellness for defined popula tions ( people with mental sick wellness ) , and do so by meter their population s wellness attention demands, finding the most cost-efficient agencies of run intoing these demands, and undertaking suppliers to provide the services required. Cardinal to the purchaser/provider separation is the summons of competitory tendering, or catching, designed to bring forward competition among suppliers. Introducing competition would add pluralism to what is now a set, restricted group of services. Having estimated which and how many services are needed, the buying empowerment would ask for suppliers to subject stamps for contracts to provide them. These contracts would include stipulate the type and sum of attention to be supplied, the quality of the service, and the contractual period. formerly these were awarded, suppliers would be able to concentrate on the proficient facets of proviso, taking to carry through their contractual duties at lowest cost. warlike tendering forces supplier s to continually seek to better the efficiency of their productive procedures. The more efficient leave behind win more contracts by being able to subject lower commands than their rivals. They leave behind besides be able to expand out into new countries of service bringing.The buying authorization would be good position to change the mix of services available by moving in the involvements of their populations and exerting their get power. Released from the influence of suppliers, buying governments are able to replace traditional attention attacks with advanced(a) services and guarantee that services are received in their most catch scenes, and contract for cost effectual signifiers of proviso. Furthermore, given their duty to procure mensurable wellness betterments it is in their involvement to guarantee a greater co-ordination of attention for single users. Suppliers will ever appreciate that efficiency will ever be better pay than inefficiency. This would hold a monolit hic impact on patients who at nowadays have to accept attention and intervention that is unremarkably generalized and to a great design based on tradition and administered in a grossly paternalistic civilisation of the adviser ever being right and hence the exclusive writer of their intervention bundle. Making a market environment breaks up traditional beaurocratic attacks. In Sweden many former public service employees became enterprisers by choosing to run as private suppliers and on the job(p) conditions of wellness attention employees and improved as they voted with their pess . This excessively would be possible in Malta.Cardinal authorities need non play a major portion in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours running of the wellness system. After set uping regulative maps, and allocation population weighted budgets to buying governments, the market can be left to itself, with the cardinal authorities curtailing itself to the fiscal and public display audit of buyer s. Government sections may inconvenience guidelines and directives to accomplish a grade of organic structure in buying determinations, and to guarantee that the wellness system contributes to national aims and precedences. Government can concentrate on stand foring the population by explicating a vision for mental wellness in Malta. Implementing such a wellness attention reform in Malta addition handiness, competition and patient pick.MentionsEuropean Observatory on wellness Systems and Policies ( 2005 ) Health Systems in Transition. Hit Drumhead Sweden. Writer.Gennser, M. ( 1996 ) Sweden s Health Care System Swedish attitudes about wellness attention. In Healthy Incentives Canadian Health Reform in an external Context. Edited by McArthur W, Ramsay C and walker M. Vancouver. The Fraser Institute.Hjertqvist, J. ( 2002 ) Health Care Treatment Prices In Swedish Hospitals DRGs are a cardinal to performance-based wellness reform. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.fcp p.org/pdf/Policy % 20Frontiers % 206 % 20- % 20DRG % 20Prices % 20in % 20Sweden % 20including % 20appendix % 20final.PDFMighealth ( 2009 ) Introduction to Swedish Health Care. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //mighealth.net.se/index.phpSwedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions ( 2005 ) Swedish Health Care in an worldwide Context a comparing of attention demands, costs, and outcomes. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.swedishhealthcare.se/swedenshealthcaresystem.htmlTriggle, N. ( 2005 ) retentiveness Healthy, the Swedish manner. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //news.bbc, co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/4461098.stm

Jim the idiot

One of the many things we should thank theology most for in this demeanor is His amazing benevolence. His grace saves us from discouragement and ruin, it takes within us as we key out oftentimes close Him and it sustains as we go through life and Into eternity. While the Lords grace shows in a variety of ways, I believe His saving, growe and sustaining grace be the three most significant demonstrations of His lenity. paragon departingingly chose to give up his life In Heaven so that He could come on down on this sinful creation In unman form forwards dying a horrible conclusion on the cross to save all those who spot Him. Helping non however as a redeeming performer in our lives but in as well making us concurable to Him, God uses His saving grace to wash aside our sins. God lets us know that He forever has us in His hands, protect us from harm.Without our Saviors endless compassion and mercy we would consider no chance of last this life and spending eter nity In Heaven with Him would be impossible. As we profit more knowledge about God, the more His grace expands in every feel of our lives. However, in order for His grace to grow and for Him to become a bigger differentiate in our ivies we need to humble ourselves and accept Him as our one and 11 all Lord. If we authentically want to see how much mercy He has for us, we have to have a deep interest in acquiring more knowledge about God and His works.When we grow with Christ well go out greater Joy In the smaller, simpler things In this life as God go forth make Himself more app arent in them. Sustaining grace holds as Gods answer to the excruciating circumstances in life that we go through. We need to remember that no motion what God will always beloved us and that He has infinite amounts of love and mercy for His children. Whatever we are owing through, God will stand light speed% behind us and will always get us out safely. so far If we do not see It, His grace dwells with us forever. No temptation has overtaken you that Is not common to man. God is faithful, and He will not let you be tempted beyond your ability, but with the temptation He will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it. 1 Corinthians 1013 ultimately, there are many ways in which God shows us His amazing grace in our lives, and if we pay attention to the work He does around us we will emphatically see throughout eternity. Gods grace truly amazes me.