Human Pathophysiology Essay

A 45-year-old grocery sales clerk has been suffering from bouts of punishing pain in his left flank region. He blamed it on prolonged standing for 8 hours straight while working. He was taking everyplace-the-counter pain medications for his pain. One day, he found fresh line of merchandise in his urine. He went to a doctor who performed urine tests, CT scans, and x-rays. He was diagnosed with urinary calculi. Discuss possible factors that may have been creditworthy for the victimisation of the stone and use this case to show how the uncomplainings feed and water breathing in can help analyze the composition of the calculi. Factors responsible for the development can include his family or personal history, being over 40, his gender, his diet, weight, over the counter medications, and possible dehydration. He allow for need to salute plenty of water, avoid excess caffeine, black tea, grapefruit and apple juices. He should also avoid foods high in oxalates, frontier his sodiu m Intake, limit his animal protein and avoid mega-doses of vitaminC. By following this dietary and water intake method it should help analyze if the calculi composition is Calcium oxalate, Calcium phosphate, Cystine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, or Uric acid. What would be the test results of his white melody cells, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and x-ray? Urinalysis will be positive for nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and blood. The white blood cell (WBC) count will be magisterial, with a left shift. Creatinine level will also be elevated in outlet obstruction. CT scan will demonstrate vesica calculi if the test is performed without IV contrast material. The unenhanced spiral CT is sensitive merely yet specific in diagnosing calculi along the urinary parcel and even virginal urate calculi can be detected this way. KUB detects radiopaque stones because pure uric acid and ammonium urate stones are radiolucent and can be coated with a layer of opaque calcium sediment.The sonogra m will show a classic hyperechoic object with posterior shadowing, and it is effective in identifying both radiolucent and radiopaque stones. (Basler, 2014) Suggest the best treatment for the patient and a plan to prevent recurrence post-treatment. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, medical expulsive therapy, and, sometimes, shock absorber wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures. Facilitate calculus passage with -receptor blockers such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tamsulosin. For persistent or infection-causing calculi,complete removal using to begin with endoscopic techniques. (Preminger, 2014)PreventionDrink plenty of water, get the proper list of calcium according to your age, reduce sodium , limit animal protein such as red meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood , and avoid stone-forming foods such as beets, chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, tea, most wrong(p) rich in oxalate, and colas rich in phosphate.ReferencesPreminger,G. (2014, July). Urinary Calculi. Merck Manuals. Retrieved from http//www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi.html Pendick, D. (2013, Oct). 5 steps for Preventing Kidney Stones. Harvard Health Publications. Retrieved from http//www.health.harvard.edu/blog/5-steps-for-preventing-kidney-stones-201310046721 Basler, J. (2014). Bladder Stones Workup. WEbMd. Retrieved from http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/2120102-workupshowall

Philosophical Belief Essay

What is the temperament of humankind as it relates the field of psychological science (ontology)? Since time immemorial, reality adopt questivirtuosod their own earth and their relationship to what is around them. The field of ontology is composite plant, having integrated science and technology into its sports stadium with the advent of artificial intelligence, medical science, and advanced exploration technologies. Yet in the gravelning, Plato and Aristotle were considered the first adjust ontologists (Biography. ms, n. d. ). They were the first to c all attention to the states of being and categories of being physical objects, top dogs, classes, properties and relations.It is human nature to misgiving our sense of being, such(prenominal) as what we ar, why argon here, who we argon and why former(a)wise people and things atomic number 18 around us. The nature of the mind is to probe into its world, perceived by the senses, and pip some amount of sense of it all. Ont ology is the fundamental basis for metaphysics, which includes all of science and religion. From the first questions relating to the cosmos of a supreme being or nature spirits or even the impression of having a spirit, ontology was born.When we first begin to associate ourselves as beings, we are practicing ontology. Naturally, billet of developmental psychological science fall into this category. Human nature dictates that we identify ourselves as an several(prenominal), as a part of a family unit, as a student of a school, a out kindleth of a community. Ontology is the most fundamental concept of psychological being, since our earliest concepts are being-based. Once humankind be arrests much complex and intertwined, we begin to utilize ontology with estimation to cultures, countries and continents, as well as religions.In this way, each thing that drive out be named is considered an ontological thing, since it exists. We as well pass water split ontology into very respective(a)(a) cosmologies this is where we kindle be surveil very divided Christianity as opposed to Islam, for example. from each atomic number 53 religion exists, and is composed of rituals and systems that have ontological renderings. Yet the attachment to ones own identity or one religions identity can become stark when taken to an extreme. It is our nature to categorize and retain what suits us and stand what is unpleasant.Yet behind these decisions, especially when mouth of reports (or myths or legends) as if they actually exist in empirical macrocosm is a departure from logic. From the days of the ancients to the present, ontology is largely now used in the science, in the course of empirical champaign of existing things and the relationships between them (Gregg H. Rosenberg, 1997). We continually explore the interrelationships of our world, leaving science as the main, if non whole, modern form of formal ontology practiced today. What once began as a ism has change into pure science.As we continue to develop increasingly complex technologies in the forms of artificial intelligence, ontology will no doubt take on a contrasting meaning and be applied to different circumstances than ever so forwards. This is only on the surface, however. Ontology, even though not named until recently in human history, has been with us since we began, as creatures, to look beyond our simple survival as a species and consider our relationship to what is around and even beyond us. How do we agnise what we know in relation to the field of psychology (epistemology)?The m any(prenominal) branches of psychology that exist today define the gaining of knowledge in spite of appearance the studies of developmental, cognitive, educational, social, etc. these fall chthonian the philosophical domain of epistemology (synonymous with Theory of Knowledge). We question how we come to know certain things and study ways of learning, retaining and using knowledge. Th e concept of epistemology is very simple. How do we know what we know? But the application of this system is quite complex (Keith De Rose, 2003). Much of the knowledge we gain in any given day is via other people such as friends, family and co-workers.We also gain knowledge in school, from television and books and on the Internet. But how oftentimes do we question the source? Now we can see how complex epistemology becomes. Lets say that Alice tells Jim that Steve is a thief. Jim has never known Alice to lie. In fact, Alices reputation is sterling in terms of credibility. Without any move on inquiry, Jim believes Alice and has nothing further to do with Steve. How logical is that? Is it true knowledge? No, it isnt. Jim barely knows what Alice has told him and it may or may not have anything to do with reality.This is where the games of the mind come into play. First we are told something and it becomes knowledge. From that knowledge we form a paradigm. by and by we discover tha t what we know, or believe, is false. We must change our paradigm and everything attached to it. This is the sate of war. If we look at knowledge, we can only truly know what we ourselves experience. We only learn through experimentation and our own inquiry. We are limited in how much we can know due to our limited senses. Epistemology is concerned with propositional knowledge, such as what is true.It is not so concerned with how to do things (Peter D. Klein, 1998 2006). This is where history, religion, politics, theory and other non-empirical learning comes into question. When it comes to the intangible topics in our lives, how do we know? Tradition holds that what we come to know in an empirical manner (the sun rises every day, the pay growls when one is hungry, if a horse flattens its ears, it is angry) is real knowledge. These are repeatable events that we no longer notice because we know that they will occur with regularity.Platos leaning was what we have come to know as Transcendental Realism. This means we come to know something through knowing its form and the changes it undergoes. Aristotle put forth the idea that a form does not transcend the material thing. Knowledge is the capital of New Hampshire between thought and fact. Going deeper into this form of philosophy and addressing how we know what we know in the field of psychology, we would have to say that we observe certain behavioural patterns as they relate to prevailing patterns in parliamentary law, alone the real question is, how real is psychology?We cannot empirically see a thought or the connections between thoughts we can only observe behaviors and listen to the thoughts of others in find their psychological status. Psychology is something that is not static, therefore it does not adhere to the definition of truth in the strictest sense. What is the role of morals and moral vox populi in the practice of psychology (axiology, moral psychology)? In order for psychology to be at a ll effective, the practitioner must acknowledge what is of assess to the invitee the observer must take note of what is of apprise to those being observed.What we value is what motivates us, and while we all value different things in different proportions, we do tend to hold common set as a species. unmatchable common value is survival. Survival is an interspecies value and can be utilized to study a wide range of behaviors at a basic level. As adults we should know the difference between right and wrong, and we have likely learned the values of our culture or group (Robert N. Barger, Ph. D. , 2000). harmonise to Kohlbergs stages of moral development, it is understood that people progress through a series of stages of moral development.Beginning with Level 1, most people (according to Kohlberg) realise through a series of six identifiable stages within iii levels (Barger). Kohlberg believed that most adults never progressed beyond the second level of conventional godliness the third level, post-conventional morality, was unattainable by most adults and Kohlberg never met anyone who met the criteria of comprehending social mutualness and respect for a universal principle and the demands of an individual conscience. In the practice of psychology, ones moral beliefs are the glue that holds an individual unitedly through life.While the beliefs may change (and through psychological handling they often do), the basic values of an individual are relatively persistent once set in tiddlerhood and through social interaction. Practicing psychology is a continual process of setting priorities, which involves axiology. In a society that is ever more diverse and challenging, it is critical in the field of psychology to engage in axiological thinking in order to make better assist clients with their own axiological processes.The very process of basic decision- fashioning involves making priorities, and when priorities conflict over a long period of time, stress es occur that changes an individuals behavior markedly. Since axiology is the study of how people determine the value of different things, it is of great importance that a psychologist can determine the values of a client in order for therapy to be effective. Assignments of value can all represent or distort reality (Clear Direction Inc. 2001). Since valuations are crotchety to each individual, they piddle individual thinking habits, which reveal what the true value is, even if it is simply a habit and not a true value. If the thinking habit distorts reality enough to render someone dys live onal, the rule of thinking needs to be evaluated and changed to a healthier pattern. Then late things take higher value than the old ones, and in theory the blasting thinking pattern is disrupted.Practicing psychology with an gaining of axiology and how it affects individuals, families, and cultures is critical, since western society is under continual pressure to change its priorities, c ausing enormous stresses on its members for example, if a parent places a higher value on ghostlike beliefs than their childs education, the child potentially suffers withdrawal from mainstream society and the opportunity to grow and thrive in that very same society.Do you see a place for religious belief, spirituality, political, and socioeconomic philosophy within psychology (teleology, metaphysics, economics)? In a word, yes. From the dawn of time, rightly or wrongly, humans have interconnected the above disciplines into their daily lives and because they are an integral part of human experienceing they must be present, or at least understood, in the study/practice of psychology.It cannot be emphasized enough that our world is rapidly changing, our values and beliefs are changing, and in our Western society those changes can lead to dangerous consequences, such as extremism and violence. The role of psychology is the study of human behavior, and the more complete an interpre ting of the causations of those behaviors, the better it is for the discipline of psychology, which does have its roots in philosophy. No matter the progression of the physical sciences, it can be all the way argued that thought, belief and a value system has not been proven to be strictly mechanical.That being said, however, does not give the field of psychology wit blanche to interconnected intelligent design or any other religious preference in its practice. Much more study is needed before one can categorically say that psychology is an entirely smash discipline than the above mentioned, for the very factors in the previous pages of this essay are what build the individual personality. No matter the prevailing belief in ones society, the mind is free to accept or reject it on whatever grounds of inquiry the individual has undertaken.It is the role of the psychologist to understand the importance of a spiritual belief to many people belief systems are the underpinnings of eve ry society, and the goal of psychology should be to better understand the purpose of such belief systems rather than disregard them due to their deficiency of empirical evidence. Reams of books can be written on this one question, no doubt for and against. The issue is so complex and convoluted due to the emotions tortuous and the agendas of each side for attempting to gain the upper hand. Yet this is, in itself, a study.What is it that is propelling Westerners to go to such lengths as to change laws regarding education of both(prenominal) sides? Before categorically stating that teleology, metaphysics, etc. has no place in psychology, we must consider that in assessing how theories or behaviors or thoughts develop, we do not understand the science behind them hence, no empirical support is available in the strictest sense (Jean Bricmont, 1997). An individual in the social sciences can corroborate with those in the empirical sciences, yet the meaning attached to findings is a fun ction of credit entry of repeating patterns that cannot be measured by empirical means.This automatically throws metaphysics and other ambiguous categories into the mix. We must also remember that scientists are also humans with the very same patterns of cognitive development as everyone else their jealously restrained positions within their areas of specialty are a study in themselves one could even go as far as to say that they have formed a belief system all their own, to which they are as emotionally attached as any religious zealot.This is where psychology must be balanced in incorporating both empirical science and philosophy of mind. In order to understand what the driving force is behind teleology, we can only look at the results of its presence. We cannot empirically measure its growth and various ways of metamorphosis. While people can have ideas, people are not ideas in the empirical sense (Ian Heath, 2003). Wilhelm Wendt put the role of psychology quite succinctly in hi s three general principles of psychology 1) Inner, or psychological, experience is not a special sphere of experience obscure from others, but is immediate experience in its totality. 2) This immediate experience is not made up of unchanging contents, but of an interconnection of processes not of objects, but of occurrences, of universal human experiences and their relations in accordance with certain laws. 3) Each, of these processes contains an design content and a subjective process, thus including the general conditions both of all knowledge and of all practical human activity (Wilhelm Wendt, 1897).In maintaining these principles and staying focused on the fundamental purpose of psychology, this discipline can easily incorporate belief systems into its practice by understanding them to be what they are versed experiences that propel external behavior. Incorporating ideas and beliefs into psychology from the standpoint of better serving valet de chambre in an attempt to unde rstand itself and better educate itself is necessary for a dynamic global society that has the tendency to make what is simple conglomerate and what is important irrelevant in the face of fact.It is my belief that rather than create ever-new branches of psychology that focus on a small part of the function of individuals or groups, it would behoove the science of psychology to remember its roots and good standards in practice. Psychology should refrain from becoming political, yet acknowledge that is existence in politics is important.

A National Artist

A home(a) artistic productionist refers to a person who has been granted a high recognition for having made significant contributions towards the development of national arts in regard to music, theatre, literature, film, visual arts and other associate arts. Italian artists are professional artists who have mastered tout ensemble the themes of beautiful arts and are Italians by virtual of either working or living in Italy.Italy is well known for its art and delicate culture. It has been globally recognised for its numerous monuments such as the Leaning tower of Pisa and the Colosseum in Rome. Italy is also famous for other fine arts, music, cinema, theatre and other forms of arts.History of the Italian art.The origin of Italian art can be traced many centuries backside with major happenings having began in the early 14th century (Feller 85). Art in Italy has been tag by several eras or periods as they are ordinarily known this includesThe Roman period.This began immediatel y after the the end of the Punic wars which was attach by the invasion of the Greek into the Roman empire. This era was pronounced by Hellenistic styles which were common in the Greek civilization.There was cultic and decorative use of sculptures and Mosaic pictorial presentations which are still evident from the remains of many temples and villas. As the Roman period came to an end, more naturalistic and severe styles of art were create at the centre of the empire and were later spread to the East of Italy and forrader moving to the Constantinople.Byzantine period.Due to the collapse of the western capital of the Roman empire, Italy stayed under the lead of Constantinople for close to a thousand years. During this age, artists in the region were involved in many projects throughout Italy and the Byzantine styles were most dominant in all these projects. This style extended throughout the 14th century.Gothic period.The Gothic era was marked by various religious disputes and th e Franciscans and the Dominicans were struggling to address the controversial issues in spite of appearance the aim of uniting the Roman catholic.During this time, Giovanni and Giotto organism the first painters in Italy revolutionised the single-valued function of an artist from being a copier of traditional social norms and beliefs to being a creative individual. These two artists strived towards improving the depiction of the whole artistic figures into more realistic pictures (Gibbons and George 19).By the 19th century, the art of Italy was marked with a fate of resurgence. Italys unification which happened in early 1871 had all the local paintings which had been painted decades earlier already expired. This caused a lot of embarrassment for the Italian artists who had to deal with the mazed glory in devote to define the national voice of a pre-Garibaldi state which had now been unified from dozens of antipathetic small states.Panaroma period.Garibaldi Panaroma marked a spe cial form of survival period for the public art in Italy which was prevalent in the 19th century. During this time, the panaromas were easily found on display on the streets to provide visual and knowledgeable entertainment. This were linear paintings which served the utilisation of interpreting history and news concerning such great cities such as Rome and Paris (Mohen 78).The panaroma art work which depicted the life of Garibaldi is an modeling of a panaroma which was used to offer commercial entertainment during this era. In order to keep up with the current happenings, most of the large panaromas were repainted over time but the small ones were just left to wear out.Recently in 2007, the discussion section of Italian studies offered financial support for the states national library to digitize the Garibaldi panaroma and confine it available all over the world. Etruscan bronze figures together with the terracotta funerary relaxation are some if the examples of the Italian tr aditions which were denounced after the Roman unification.

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 17

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Review intermediate macroecon

How do we measure normal of living Measuring the standard of living in a inelegant is to use real national income per capita. This is found that dividing real national income ( interruption or GNP) by the fare population. 2. How can European unemployment be reduced? exchange bank should decrease interest outranks, and allow for an increase in demand, and unemployment would decrease. They deficiency to be less protective, to eliminate these labor market rigidities, and to adopt US style labor market institutions 3. What are the benefits of the Euro?No more changes in the relative price of currencies for European firms to worry about, no more pauperization to change currencies when crossing borders. 4. What has contributed to the exalted economic growth of China? A. The starting line Is high accumulation of capital. The Investment rate exceeds 40% of output, a high number. Compared to US which Is 17%. More capital means higher productiveness and higher output. B. The second is rapid technological progress. By making Chinese firms work with and learn from foreign firms, the productivity of the Chinese firms has increase dramatically. Chapter 2 1.What Is GAP, value added approach A measure of aggregate output in the national income accounts (The market value of goods and services produced by labor and airscrew located in the US) VALUE ADDED Sales Intermediate goods Intermediate nigh is a good used in production of another good. more or less goods can be both concluding goods and intermediate goods. (EX Final Potatoes exchange directly to consumers/ Intermediate Potatoes used to produce potato chips) 2. nominated and authoritative GAP Nominal sum of quantities of final goods produced times their current price. Nominal GAP increases over time for 2 reasons a.Production of most goods increase eer time. B. Prices of most goods also increase over time. Real Sum of quantities of final goods times constant (rather than current prices) 3. GAP Deflator the ratio of nominal GAP to real GAP in year t ICP The cost of a presumptuousness list of goods and services consumed by a typical urban dweller Inflation A sustained rise in the prevalent level of prices Inflation rate The rate at which the price level increase over time. 4. campaign chock up and Discourage workers Labor Force The sum of those employed and those unemployed Discourage Workers A person who has given up looking for employment. . Unemployment rate and Labor force participation rate Unemployment rate The ratio of the number of unemployed to the labor force Labor Force Participation rate The ratio of the labor force to the total population of working age (non-institutional civilian population) Chapter 3 1. MAC, multiplier (CLC) The set up on consumption of an additional dollar of disposable income 2. Consumption incline A function that relates consumption to its determinants 3. Determination of output in Goods mart 4. Keynesian cross 5. What shifts the Z line 6. Deter minants of Investment 7. Shifts of the IS curve

The Danger of Potent Ideology

It is inevitable that great cosmospower who wield great powers are curb to be misinterpreted. History reveals that this inevitability is true to the most influential men of our time, from the bibles Jesus Christ to Ger introductionly concernys Friedrich Nietzche, two opposites who piece the same fate. The radical ideologies that both men promoted charter become the land of infamous acts and beliefs. For example, the fatal extremist belief that Christians abhor homosexuality is passing in contrast with the teachings of Jesus Christ, who advocated unconditional love and forgiveness. The Superhu gentleman possibleness of Friedrich Nietzche, on the other hand, has been err wholenessously utilisationd to foster the idea that a particular race of man, or a particular individual, is superior to others.This Nietzche doctrine was speculated to be internalized by Adolf Hitler himself, who orchestrated the largest mass murder in the taradiddle of the world, simply be source he belie ved in the superiority of the German race. Thus, we can analyze in the examples of Jesus Christ and of Friedrich Nietzsche, that when men rise above the conventions and to the challenges in their time, they are non just now bound to become legends, but too misinterpreted attractors.Martin Luther top executive A Force MisinterpretedIn the United States of America, one manly influence suffers the same fate. Considered the attracter of the resign world this man had so such(prenominal)(prenominal) power that he heightened a revolution and compel guide a land to change its laws. He is Martin Luther pouf, junior In his article entitledMartin Luther index, ordinary obliging rights journalist Jack E. White describes King as, the right man at the right time, for in a revolution that needed a fearless leader, King became the perfectly accurate answer the right man for the job. The solid ground at the time was ripe with protests once morest inequality. America then was a count ry that subscribed to the apartheid ideology segregation of individuals according to skin cloak was viewed appropriate. Race formalise a persons worth, and King fervidly disagreed with this belief. He mobilized the black community into launching non-violent protest against discrimination, one of which is the 13-month ostracise of the Montgomery bus lines in Alabama, in 1955.The popular and immortalized story of genus Rosa Parks, an Afro-American seamstress who refused to give up her bus seat for a Caucasian man prompted the boycott, but it was King who instigated and sustained the peoples resolve to protest. In 1957, King began organizing a network of African-American leaders and started facilitating non-violent protests in several communities. The awareness and significance of Kings buzz off heightened even more. The most admirable trait King has demonstrated is his truehearted principle of non-violence, even when he himself had suffered through several acts of volatile vio lence, including the assail of his home and unjust incarceration.Several communities and critics noted his incredible resilience and blind drunk influence, and in the 1960s, he earned the recognition he so flop deserved. Time Magazine hailed him as its Person of the Year in 1963, and in the succeeding year, King was named as the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. However, King did not limit his prepare to racial discrimination. He had far too much insight to narrow his perspective on one face alone. Among the issues that he felt strongly about are the war in Vietnam and its accompanying factor, poverty. By acting on these issues, Martin Luther King, junior became not just the leader of the African-Americandemographic, but the most influential civil rights beacon who led the entire nation of America into a new light. such a magnificent leader deserves a golden place in history, and Martin Luther King, Jr. is a figure truly well-placed not only in the muniment of history, but in the hearts and minds of the American people as well. However, such a magnificent leader does not deserve a misinterpretation, and martin Luther King, Jr., is a figure highly misinterpreted. Kings impact now extends only to African-American communities and engulfs only the issue of racial discrimination against African-Americans. Although this is a rig representation of King, it is a narrowed perspective of what he believed in, what he stood for, and what he fought and died for. Jack E. White, in his article entitled, Martin Luther King, observes thatIt is a testament to the greatness of Martin Luther King Jr. that nearly every major city in the U.S. has a street or school named after him. It is a measure of how distressingly his executements are misunderstood that most of them are located in drear neighborhoods. Three decades after King was gunned tweak on a motel balcony in Memphis, Tenn., he is still regarded mainly as the black leader of a case for black equality. That ass essment, while accurate, is far too restrictive. For all King did to free blacks from the yoke of segregation, whites may owe him the greatest debt, for liberating them from the burden of Americas centuries-old fabrication about race.Thus, we can clearly see that the United States of America owes him the check off of liberator of all, instead of the restrictive label, liberator of the black race. The American nation we havetoday would have a very different face if King had not step up to the demands of his time, if he had not heeded the cry of the American people. Martin Luther King, Jr. freed America from the bondage of racial hypocrisy, and yet he is denied such a distinction by assigning him only to one cause, and only to one community. The earlier premise that Martin Luther King, Jr., is a highly misinterpreted leader is once again emphasized here.As a matter of fact, King had the intention of confidential information a protest march against poverty, an American plight that w as not comical to a certain race. From the cause of racial discrimination, he moved to the cause of fighting poverty. However, before he carried out his plans King was gunned d avouch in a hotel balcony in 1968. Thus, his distinction should not be narrowed down exactly to a single cause. His widow Coretta Scott King perfectly validated her husbands life and her husbands cause by organizing the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change for it was the all-encompassing cause of amicable change that King believed in, stood for, fought and died for.Another misinterpretation of Martin Luther King, Jr. is the use of his principles and the use of his words to further racial issues grounded on a unforesightful perspectives. One such movement that stands out from the rest, mainly because of its controversial nature, is the movement being led by Ward Connerly, an opponent of the governments optimistic action polity. Connerly claims that his opposition against affirmativ e action is based on, and in parallel with, the advocacy of Martin Luther King, Jr.He asserts the erroneous interpretation that affirmative action is tantamount to racial discrimination. This claim is skeptical, since the affirmative action policy is aimed precisely to eradicate discrimination. It is preposterous to conclude that the allocation of jobs minorities is equal with racial discrimination it is even more preposterous that a magnificent leader such as King would even be associated with such an incredulous cause.In Respect to Martin Luther Kings DreamIn these redbrick times, social change is a cry that resounds with so much fervor, and it is transparent that so much has to be done to achieve the dream that Martin Luther King envisioned. Kings complex cause, social justice tied with stinting justice, is a feat that requires internal and external changes within individuals, within communities, and the nation at large.It is worthy and important to note, however, that the Uni ted States of America has come a very long way indeed in terms of dismission from racial and social hypocrisy, and in this sense, we can say that Kings dream is slowly coming into reality.Racial discrimination, for instance, is now viewed as an execrable ideology, an unacceptable doctrine for the modern American. It is very much detested that whoever exhibits the slightest belief in it becomes an outcast in a nation of free thinkers, in a nation called the free world. The racist violence that was so apparent, so real, and so brutal in the past, prior to the emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. and his civil rights cause, seems incredulous it seems inconceivable that America has ever trodden such a path. The African-American race today, in fact, has earned a stellar place in America.Prominent names like talk show host Oprah Winfrey, professional golfer Tiger Woods, premier poet Maya Angelou, musicians Alicia Keys and Beyonce Knowles are influential figures in American society, adm ired by all races in America. Amusing Quotes.com lists this line from Chris Rock, a popular African-American comedian You know the world is going sick(p) when the best rapper is a white guy, and the best golfer is a black guy.Though this statement is intended not to be taken seriously, we see a tinge of reality in it the reversal of separate roles between a black man and a white man is an indication that America has greatly changed its racial perception about the African-American race. This, however, is just a small parcel of achievement in the social change King aimed for.Customers last name 6The Martin Luther King ChallengeThe world today faces the Martin Luther King challenge, the challenge to transport the cause from racial equality to economic justice, and then elevate these to the internationalistic context in order to achieve international peace. Because the nation is merely in the first step, racial equality, it is quite obvious that we do have a long way to go.To take up and succeed in tackling the Martin Luther King challenge, we have to go back to his words, and one effective road map that stands out from among his speeches is his advice to live a complete life. Seattletimes.com discloses the manner in which a complete life may be achieved, according to KingAnd at that place are three dimensions of any complete life to which we can befittingly give the words of this text length, breadth, and height. (Yes) instantly the length of life as we shall use it here is the inward concern for ones own welfare. (Yes) In other words, it is that inward concern that causes one to push forward, to achieve his own goals and ambitions. (All right) The breadth of life as we shall use it here is the superficial concern for the welfare of others. (All right) And the height of life is the upward reach for God. (All right) Now you got to have all three of these to have a complete life.Such wise, potent words may ring empty if it is not heeded, and the free world , in order to fulfill the noble dream of Martin Luther King, must deject acting on this quest for completion. True, racial equality is a cause forwarded by this magnificent leader but to say that it is the only liaison he fought for, is very much restrictive. This is the ripe time for America and the world to truly understand his cause, and to truly act upon it.Works CitedChris Rock Quotes Amusingquotes.com. 12 December 2007.Friedrich Nietzsche. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 10 December 2007.Kalish, Michael. Friedrich Nietzsches Influence on Hitlers Mein Kampf. UCSB department of History. 10 December 2007.The Life of Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the civilised Rights Movement. TheSeattleTimes.com. 9 December 2007.White, Jack. Martin Luther King. The Time 100The Most Important deal of the Century. Leaders and Revolutionaries. 9 December 2007

First World War Causes Essay

What were the causes and consequences of the First realness War? There were several(prenominal) reasons that light-emitting diode to WWI the European nations were growing more powerful and the arm forces as well. some other cause was the alliance system which cause conflict between several countries because there were treaties and agreements in which not every country agreed with. Imperialism too took a extensive part of the contend, many countries wanted to colonize other countries such as Africa, South America, the pacific, and Asia.Almost all of the countries had a great military power and as all of them were fighting for the same reason, the war was inevitable. Many rivalries emerged among these countries. One of the most important causes of the war was the assassination Austro- Magyar Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The archduke was killed by a Serbian and his death was seen as a affright to the Austria-Hungary multinational empire. This event turned into a declaration of wa r. Due to the alliance, the European Nation got involve in the conflict and it resulted in a knowledge domain war.Russia was defending Serbia and surrounded Germany and Austria-Hungary (who were allied) with their troops. Germany was already planning to invade Russia by exploitation the Schlieffen Plan which was supposed to prevent war, but the plan fail. The First World War had as many consequences as causes. the end of the great war was marked by the creation of the League of Nation which consisted of peacekeeping so this horrible events would not happened again and to have a collective security. unfortunately the United States did not join the agreement and this weakened the treaty. The WWI ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versaille which stated that Germany was the only responsible for the war that occurred and they demanded that Germany was to pay the reparations. This treaty also established the changing of the borders in Europe. One of the mayor consequences of the war was the great depression it left. The war left many countries without money, which meant there were no jobs, no money to export or import.

Evaluate the claim that personal identity is self- defined Essay

Your individuality is what makes you who you be and what makes you unique as an individual and different from separate people. Identities be non static but dynamic and constantly changing. A personal individuation is made up of some(prenominal) different aspects, and batch be outlined by culture (nationality, religion and gender) as hygienic as family and career. Your identity is defined by how you memorize yourself and as well by how you are seen by otherwises. It is part addn and part taken and in any case apprise be something we are born with. In some instances an identity may be something you are given and may not be by choice. I am going to look at what makes a personal identity and is it self-defined and made without the assistance of anyone else. I am also going to compare the opinion of the theoreticians Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud and I will be development the case findings of the research project into worthy a get for the commencement ceremony term a nd more importantly the case of Silma and her experiences, this was a research computer program which included detailed interviews as well as observational research. on that point are numerous ways in which our Identity can throw, for type our bodies dislodge and how we look alters as we get older but our demeanor and our bodies can also be changed by choice for deterrent example vibrissa colour, cosmetic surgery etc. (chapter 4, Exploring Social Lives) Our identities also change by dint of practices and when there is an upset to our normal routines and we guide to establish new ones or learn new skills, this also has an impact on our identity. This is the case when practices function into routines and we no longer need to hypothesize about doing them as they establish second nature. Finally we also experience kind changes where our views on who we think we are is influenced by the opinions of other people and how they see us. We become who we are and modify ourselves t hrough the way others treat us and respond to us. This is witnessed when a woman becomes a go, she may be enured differently by her parents as a result of piteous to parenthood herself.This was the claim for theorist Erik Erikson who studied that our identity changes are influenced by past experiences, the moment-by-moment activities and relationships we lose daily. This is spanned oer a life date and although can happen at any time, Erikson defined 8 stages in which identity is transformed in unique ways, as transition was not a smooth process, these stages he called identity crises. These stages were seen as times when conflict was introduced, conflict is contending with happenings in everyday life that lolly life running as smoothly as before. Conflict is being faced with choices, feeling conf utilize and although he uses the example of passing from adolescence into maturity it could also mean becoming middle aged, old or moving into parenthood. (chapter 4, Exploring Socia l Lives) Everyone experiences conflicts and in turn experiencing conflicts make us who we are and give us an identityOne way our identity can change is through realisation, which is what it is called when we try on someone elses persona. We try on other peoples identity and see life through their eyes and empathise with how they felt at a certain time, for example when you become a mother you can empathise and understand how other mothers feel. This was the case with Liyanna, she used to look at pictures of her mother with her sis and the mother daughter relationship meant nothing to her, however now she is a mother herself she looks at the photo differently and can identify with the love and the perception her mother was feeling when the photo was taken. She says that now she looks at the photo and she knows on the dot what her mum was feeling, she sees her mother in a new spark and because of her own experiences can now put herself in her mothers shoes. She is now identifying with her mother.The theorist Billig looks at identification and associates it with groups of people and how they are attached by the common quality or interest that they share. Sigmund Freud also claims that identification is the expression of an emotional tie with another person, an identity can be borrowed from someone else. The theory suggests that there are two kinds of identification, swelling which is the content we give off and introjection which is the messages we take in. Both are done by chance and unconsciously to furnish ones identity. (chapter 4, Exploring Social Lives).All these theories can be O.K. up by the case study completed on branch time mothers and in particular Silmas case. Silmas identity begins to change with practices, she has had to learn a whole new routine which will need to adapt as her baby grows. She also has a new relationship to establish as mother and daughter with her new baby, the relationship with her economise and family will also change. Silma has also to deal with the conflict of becoming a new mother, this conflict between being the indulged eldest daughter to maternal quality and also between pleasing yourself and having to put your baby first are all aspects of defining her new identity.Silma is also seen differently not barely by her neighbours but also by her family and in particular her aunts and her sister. Silma feels she is treated with more respect by her aunts and is now welcomed into their group as a mother. This is a generational shift for Silma and where she once thought of her aunts as thudding who unaccompanied talked about babies she now finds this interesting and likes to stay around them and can actually relate to them and now sees herself more like them.Silma also starts to arrange differently and sees herself differently because people are treating her differently. Silma admits that she has left her wild age behind and become more mature and motherly and spends more time with her family . This has also had an effect on her choice of clothes and prior to becoming a mother Silma preferred to dupe jeans but now she is a mother her choice of clothing is now the traditional salwaar kameez, she refers to these clothes as normal and now feels less comfortable in jeans. Silma received several gifts of salwaar kameez for her birthday after becoming a mother which may have encouraged her decision.Silmas new identity has also caused conflict with her sister who now sees her as becoming like her aunts and gives Silma a hard time for being boring and because she prefers the aunts company. Silma has also taken on the identity as a mother and this is implemented in her concern for her younger sister and the way she behaves, she worries that by staying out late she may get smart but in actual fact this was the same way Silma used to behave priorto becoming a mother. Silmas sister makes grapheme to the fact that Silma used to be worse than me but Silma puts this down to her havi ng changed. Silma dialog about meeting up with old friends at McDonalds and although we cannot assume that she would wear the salwaar kameez this is a clear distinction of how Silma has changed and her new identity as a mother is the dominant one.We have looked at various theories on what makes up personal identity and it is clear that self- exposition on its own is not sufficient. Personal identity is made up through interacting with others and through projection and introjection, its a two way thing people see you differently so you behave differently. When we use identification it can only be done through another person to allow you to identify, this is not self-defined as you need another person to be able to do it. You need to put yourself in someone elses shoes and yourself definition shifts when you look at someone else. Also some identities are already defined by others and you are moved into this social category without choice, as was the case for Silma when she became a mother, this identity is social and it is defined by how a mother should behave. If we require others to create our identity then our personal identity cannot be self-defined.

Kotler Mkting Management Chapter 13

Designing and Managing Services give-and-take Questions 1. How do we define and classify proceedss? 2. How do services resist from goods? 3. How fucking we achieve excellence in marketing services ? 4. How whoremonger we improve service quality? 5. How croupe goods marketers improve customer service? Slide 2 of 29 The Nature of Services 2008 2018 Loss of 1. 2 million jobs 2008 2018 Gain of 14. 6 million jobs Slide 3 of 29 Service An act or performance one party can offer to another that is mostly intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Slide 4 of 29 Categories of Service cockle Mix of goods & services Pure Tangible Good Hybrid Pure ServiceSoap mobile phone phone Babysitting Slide 5 of 29 Service Characteristics impalpability variation Perishability Empty seats Inseparability Slide 6 of 29 impalpability Create tangible elements Place People Equipment Communication material Symbols charge Slide 7 of 29 Inseparability Work Faster Add more than Ser vice Providers Work with Larger Groups Slide 8 of 29 Variability Offer Guarantees Monitor Satisfaction Good Hiring and Training Slide 9 of 29 Overnight Hotel Stay Blueprint Slide 10 of 29 Perishability Empty seats Nonpeak Demand Complementary Services Reservation Systems first derivative Pricing Slide 11 of 29 New Services RealitiesCustomer empowerment Satisfying Employees Customer Co-production Slide 12 of 29 Root power of Customer Failure Slide 13 of 29 What Customers Want from Providers conditioned employees Address needs on first contact Treat me wish well a apprised customer 65% 64% 62% 54% 49% 49% 45% 43% 38% Demonstrates desire to learn my needs Can quickly access information Good value for the money Courteous employees Is a company/brand I can trust Treats me fairly Provides relevant/personalized service 0% 10% 20% 30% 31% 40% 50% 60% 70% Slide 14 of 29 Determinants of Service Quality Reliability Tangibles antiphonal Empathy Assurance Slide 15 of 29

Inventory Management System Essay

He suggests, though, that for the natural selection of your line of credit and the future of your applications as a whole, you go with something like PHP that has a good solid community and is in constant development to reach out it and its features better. The flexibility that PHP offers also means that the possibility for someone to write taut code that works (for now) goes up greatly. * Adobe Dreamweaver Heaton (1998)According to Heaton (1998), he states that,I person all toldy recommend Dreamweaver to both learners and seasoned experts think Adobe crumb make is more accessible to people by having motley versions of it some(prenominal) like Elements is a poor mans Photoshop, there should be a cut down version of DW. So in my touchno, it is not just an overpriced text editor. Dreamweaver is a powerful and highly applicable in like mannerl that every designer should be able to own. * stemma Donald Reimer (1989) According to Donald Reimer (1989), Today, maintaining the righ t broth levels is a tough challenge. If not powerful managed, your history can result in a significant expense. looking for over your shoulder is the lender who is concerned about the cost of carrying too much stock-take- which can affect profitability. * Inventory System Michael Bernacchi (2002)According to an originator Michael Bernacchi (2002),an inventory dusts maintain breeding about activities within firms that ensure the deliverance of products to customers. The subsystems that perform these functions include sales, manufacturing, w arhousing, ordering, and receiving. In different firms the activities associated with each of these argonas may not be strictly contained within separate subsystems, entirely these functions must be performed in sequence in order to have a well-run inventory picture system.According to Godwin Udo (1993), given such developments, it is little wonder that melodic phrase experts commonly cite inventory circumspection as a rattling ele ment that can spell the difference between success and ruin in todays keenly competitive business world. paper in production and inventory Management Journal, Godwin Udo described telecommunications technology as a critical organizational asset that can help a company realize important competitive gains in the area of inventory management.He noted that companies that make good use of this technology are far better equipped to succeed than those who rely on over-the-hill or unwieldy methods of inventory conquer. According to Dennis Eskow (1990), automation can dramatically impact all phases of inventory management, including counting and monitoring of inventory items put down and retrieval of item storage location recording changes to inventory and anticipating inventory needs, including inventory handling requirements.This is true even of stand- unsocial systems that are not integrated with early(a) areas of the business, but many analysts indicate that productivity and there fore profitability gains that are garnered through use of automated systems can be increased even more when a business integrates its inventory control systems with other systems such as accounting and sales to better control inventory levels.As Dennis Eskow noted in PC Week, business executives are increasingly integrating fiscal data, such as accounts receivable, with sales information that includes customer histories, the goal to control inventory quarter to quarter, so it doesnt come back to bite the bottom line. Key components of an integrated system are general ledger, electronic data interchange, database connectivity, and connections to a range of just business applications. In the latter part of the 1990s, may businesses invested heavily in integrated order and inventory systems designed to keep inventories at a minimum and replenish stock quickly.But business owners have a variety of system integration options from which to choose, based on their needs and financial liqu idity. At the same time that these integrated systems have increased in popularity, business observers have suggested that stand-alone systems are falling into disfavor. A 1996 written report by the international Mass Retail Association, for example, concluded that stand alone Warehouse Management System Packages acquired to perform individual functions will shortly become obsolete because they do not integrate well with other systems.Another development of which small business vendors should be a emaciate is a recent trend wherein powerful retailers ask their suppliers to implement vendor-managed inventory systems these arrangements infinite the responsibility for inventory management squarely on the shoulders of the vendors. Under such an agreement, the vendors obtain warehouse or point of sale information from the retailer and use that information to make inventory restocking decisions.The move toward automation in inventory management naturally has moved into the warehouse as well, citing various warehousing experts, Sarah Bergin contended in transportation and distribution magazine that the key to institute productivity gains from inventory management is placing real-time processing in the ware house uses combinations of hardware including material handling and data collection technologies, but according to these executive, the intelligent part of the system is sophisticated software which automates and controls all aspects of warehouse operations. Another important component of good inventory management is creation and maintenance of a sensible, effective warehousing design. A well-organized, user-friendly warehouse layout can be of enormous benefit to small business owners, especially if they are involved in processing large colymes of goods and materials. Conversely, an ineffectual warehouse system can cost businesses dearly in equipment casualty of efficiency, customer service, and ultimately profitability. Transportation and distribution magaz ine cited several locomote that businesses utilizing warehouse storage systems can take to help ensure that they get the most out of their facilities.

Cultural Perspectives in Education Essay

The word Culture refers to civilization or tender activity. It can in agreeition refer to universal human capability to reason skills, and to train and convey them characteristically. in that locationfore, one can say that Culture evolves oer a period of time in response to adaptive challenges. What activities ar carried out, who should participate, why they ar setd and the rules of interaction are coded into the cultural models. There are divergent ways to educate, express or reveal knowledge to a schoolchild. The students teaching method truly much depends upon the instructors philosophy of education.This philosophical point of view appears to be authentic(p) that could bring a negative influence in the classroom, no issuance what syllabus is designed for the student. The students possess different qualities and beliefs that instructors should realize and learn to adapt to in the classroom. If teachers are not able to go beyond the boundaries of favorable class, religion, race, creed, gender, sex, disability or cultural background, then the focus of the students will also turn heavily upon differences and the classification of students as special needs or underachiever, thus building insensitive pre-expectations toward students in the classroom.The primary goal of education is to show students different points of view and encourage them to evaluate their own beliefs. The teacher should help the students to appreciate how ones observations and interpretations are influenced by companionable identity and background. Chang, H. (1993). Students should be allowed to tactile sensation free to voice an credence and empowered to defend it. A student is able to focus on and enjoy learning much when the school and classroom make him feel safe-comfortable with himself and with his surrounding.The learning situation should be made culturally neutral by keeping in mind the potential barriers and obstacles that each student whitethorn hire. Taking this into account Marda Steffey (2001) suggests a 4 point motivational mannikin for culturally airfoil teaching 1. Establishing inclusionnorms, procedures, and structures woven together to phase angle a learning context in which all learners and teachers feel respected by and connected to one an other(a). 2.Developing attitudenorms, procedures and structures that create by dint of relevance and choice a favorable disposition among learners and teachers toward the learning find out or learning goal. 3. Enhancing meaningnorms, procedures, and structures that expand, refine, or increase the complexity of what is wise to(p) in a way that matters to learners, includes their values and purposes, and contri neverthelesses to a critical consciousness. 4. Engendering competencynorms, procedures, and structures that create an understanding for learners of how they are or can be impelling in learning something of personal value.(Nawang, 1999) The main idea of the four points is that w hen student and teachers find themselves submerged in a unique serviceman of the classroom, the interaction of culture is invaluable for the success of the learning process. Solomon, B. B. (1991). Teacher should jazz any biases or stereotypes in the class room, by treating each student as an individual, and respect each student for whom he or she is. reform any language practices or examples that exclude or degrade any group, should be aware of how students feel about the cultural climate in the classroom.(Woolbright, 1989) A productive education must start with an sense of these issues and some basic schemes for overcoming them. Although a variety of teachings can be fruitful, it seems specially cooperative to offer an atmosphere where students can easily hold an open discussion rather than class session in which a limit answer is required. True open discussion will send a message of authority between equal students who have something substantial to add to a coarse endeavor .Sharing the facts and principles of ones discipline with students is very important as that helps to prepare an environment of comfort, trust and joint respect. Therefore, such an environment makes it possible for people to exchange ideas and thoughts on complex and oft terrifying issues. It opens a way for students to carry out a common ground of joint practices and respect which can bind students together and at the same time make it easier for them to understand and observe many differences.The teacher should not only establish a content of diversity but a procedure that creates and demonstrate appreciation of diversity. It is important to keep in mind that students always observe and learn their teachers behavior as considerably as their expressions. The classroom environment not only represent the wakeless value of appreciation of diversity of cultures nevertheless it also capitulate bully rewards in terms of vital thinking skills, especially the aptitude to value sophist icated multiple point of views on complex rational and respectable issues.The school or college should recognize all of the various types of diversities, whether it is cultural or not. Students should understand when they go their classroom that they will be interacting with many different types of students from all walks all of life. Levinson, B. A. , and Holland, D. (1996). They should understand that they are all in this rapidness for a reason and that it doesnt matter what they look like or what language they speak, they need to cooperate to make their class environment more conducive to learning.It is very unfortunate to say that not much advance in this has been made around the world except few countries, spell in rest there is still school and colleges where cultural factors are given preferences. Every discipline is influenced by the inequity of power that exists crossways racial and cultural groups, between genders, and among other socially created classes of differenc e. In transgress of advances in race and cultural relations, gender equality, and religious tolerance, significant attested differences continues to exist around the world.In order to gain a true moderate education, school administration should honor diversity of cultures. It should recognize holidays of other ethnicities and always study new and interesting ways of life. The students of the respective schools and colleges should love learning about other cultures and how they interact with one another. (Harold, 2006) The students should be allowed to do arts and projects that are representatives of other cultures and take great congratulate in the fact that they now have knowledge of their brothers and sisters around the world.Educators have a responsibility to assist the people who are privileged seemly to be students in becoming aware of the inequalities around them. Therefore, each pedagogue should work to infuse each class with the diverse voices that contributed to the kno wledge shank of the discipline. References Chang, H. (1993) Affirming Childrens Roots ethnic and Linguistic Diversity in primeval Care and Education California Tomorrow. Hodgkinson, Harold L. (2006) Education in Social and Cultural Perspectives Prentice-Hall Levinson, B. A. , and Holland, D. (1996).The cultural production of the educated person An introduction. In B. A. Levinson, D. Foley, and D. Holland (Eds. ), Albany SUNY Press. Phuntsog, Nawang. wizard(prenominal) of culturally responsive pedagogy In search of the Genies lamp in multicultural education. Teacher Education Quarterly, Summer 1999 Solomon, B. B. (1991) Impediments to Teaching a Culturally Diverse Undergraduate Population Kendall/Hunt Publishing. Woolbright, C. (Ed. ). (1989) Valuing Diversity on Campus A Multicultural Approach. Bloomington, Ind. Association of College Unions-International.

General Management Theories

familiar focus Theories There are four general management theories. 1. Frederick Taylor guess of Scientific concern. 2. Henri Fayol Administrative care Theory. 3. Max Weber Bureaucratic Theory of Management. 4. Elton Mayo Behavioral Theory of Management (Hawthorne Effect). 1. Frederick Taylors Theory of Scientific Management. Taylors theory of scientific management aimed at, improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor had a unbiased view about, what motivated people at work, money.He felt that, workers should get a, sane days pay for a fair days work, and that pay, should be linked to the amount produced. wherefore he introduced the, DIFFERENTIAL PIECE RATE SYSTEM, of paying wages to the workers. Taylors derivative instrument break up Rate Plan. If Efficiency is greater than the defined Standard thusly workers should be paid 120 % of Normal Piece Rate. If Efficiency is less(prenominal) than standard then workers should be paid 80% of Normal P iece Rate. Principles of Scientific Management. Four Principles of Scientific Management are 1. Time and transaction study Study the way jobs are performed and find radical ship canal to do them. 2.Teach, train and develop the workman with improved methods of doing work. Codify the new methods into rules. 3. Interest of employer employees should be fully harmonized so as to take into custody mutually understanding relations between them. 4. Establish fair levels of work and pay a premium for higher performance. 2. Henri Fayols Administrative Management Theory Henri Fayol known as the Father Of Management laid overthrow the 14 principles of Management. 1. Division of Work. 2. Equity. 3. Discipline. 4. Initiative. 5. Authority and Responsibility. 6. Esprit De Corps. 7. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest. . Stability of Tenure. 9. Remuneration. 10. Unity of Direction. 11. Centralization. 12. Scalar Chain. 14. Unity of Command. 3. Max Webers Bureaucratic Th eory Of Management Weber do a singularity between authority and power. Weber believed that power educes obedience through root for or the threat of force which induces individuals to adhere to regulations. According to Max Weber, thither are three types of power in an organization- 1. Traditional tycoon 2. Charismatic Power 3. Bureaucratic Power or Legal Power. Features of bureaucratism 1. Division of Labor. 2. Formal Hierarchical Structure. 3.Selection based on Technical Expertise. 4. Management by Rules. 5. Written Documents. 6. Only Legal Power is Important. 7. Formal and electroneutral relations. 4. Elton Mayos Behavioral Theory of Management Elton Mayos experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out, involved, and made to feel important. Hawthorne Effect, can be summarized as Employees will respond positively to any novel change in work environment equivalent better illumination, clean work stations, r elocating workstations etc. Employees are more ample because they know they are being studied.

Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat Essay

The two poems I am comparing Ode on the Death of a Favourite toss by Thomas olden and To a Mouse by Robert ruin were two written in the eighteenth century, which makes it interesting to make a comparison of their content, style and techniques, to see how poems of the eighteenth century differ from from each one other.Both of the poems feature an animal as the main subject of the poem. In ancients poem he has a house guy rope as the main focus of the poem whilst Burns dedi disgorgees his poem to a field cabbage. Both these animals come to an unfortunate end. The cat due to specialness tumbled headlong into a tub of gold fishes This supports the well known phraseology curiosity killed the cat In the poem it refers to the cat as real loosing 9 livesEight times emerging from the floodShe mewd to evry watry God.No one arrives to save herNo dolphinfish came, no Nereid stirrd Nor cruel Tom, nor Susan heared.The dolphin is included in the cite of possible rescuers because it is a reference to the classical legend of the harpist, Arion, being salve by a dolphin which had been entranced by his music, practically in the same way the cat wanted to be saved by someone who heard its meowing.In Burnss poem the mouse unlike the cat does not actu on the wholey die, but it is made construct that the prospects for the mouse are bleak due to its home being finished by the plough and the fact winter is coming and the mouse has no time to build another home for itselfNow thous turnd out, for a thy trouble,But house or hald,To flag the Winters sleety dribble,Ancraneuch cauldThe poems are both basic all in ally intimately a particular ill-fated animal but each has a deeper meaning and message through anthropomorphism.The cat in Grays poem is given feminine characteristics a fair round shell illustrates the ideal image of an eighteenth century womans face. Gray also uses metaphors to describe the cat which also apply to a dolls jewels and adornmentsThe velvet of her paws,Her coat, that with the tortoise vies, Her ears of jet, and emerald eyes.In verse four the comparison of the cat to a woman is made even clearerShe stretchd in vain to reach the prize.What female heart can gold shun?What cats averse to fish?It is clear here that Gray is illustrating how women are seduced by the desire for gold as cats are seduced by the desire for fish. The anthropomorphism continues in verses 5 and 7Presumptious maid andFrom therefrom you Beauties, undeceivdKnow one false step is neer retrieved.The last lines of the poem contain a moralNot all that tempts your wandring eyesAnd heedless hearts, is lawful prizeNor all that glisters gold.Through the cat Gray created a cautionary account specifically aimed at women. Its a warning not to be tempted by what is not rightly theirs, and not to be seduced by appear appearances because it may not be as good as it looks on the outside.Gray is very direct with his message of warning to women but he writes in a light-h earted way throughout. However, Burns poem is much more serious and sombre.He uses anthropomorphism like Gray to withdraw his message across through an animal, in this case the mouse is utilise to highlight the social and moral problems that he felt existed in both the public and in his own family His father died after eighteen geezerhood of hard work as a farmer. After his fathers death they had little money, leaving them no choice but to sublease a farm in order to keep their home. These experiences were brought through in to his poem when the mouse had its home destroyed by the plough