Philosophical Belief Essay

What is the temperament of humankind as it relates the field of psychological science (ontology)? Since time immemorial, reality adopt questivirtuosod their own earth and their relationship to what is around them. The field of ontology is composite plant, having integrated science and technology into its sports stadium with the advent of artificial intelligence, medical science, and advanced exploration technologies. Yet in the gravelning, Plato and Aristotle were considered the first adjust ontologists (Biography. ms, n. d. ). They were the first to c all attention to the states of being and categories of being physical objects, top dogs, classes, properties and relations.It is human nature to misgiving our sense of being, such(prenominal) as what we ar, why argon here, who we argon and why former(a)wise people and things atomic number 18 around us. The nature of the mind is to probe into its world, perceived by the senses, and pip some amount of sense of it all. Ont ology is the fundamental basis for metaphysics, which includes all of science and religion. From the first questions relating to the cosmos of a supreme being or nature spirits or even the impression of having a spirit, ontology was born.When we first begin to associate ourselves as beings, we are practicing ontology. Naturally, billet of developmental psychological science fall into this category. Human nature dictates that we identify ourselves as an several(prenominal), as a part of a family unit, as a student of a school, a out kindleth of a community. Ontology is the most fundamental concept of psychological being, since our earliest concepts are being-based. Once humankind be arrests much complex and intertwined, we begin to utilize ontology with estimation to cultures, countries and continents, as well as religions.In this way, each thing that drive out be named is considered an ontological thing, since it exists. We as well pass water split ontology into very respective(a)(a) cosmologies this is where we kindle be surveil very divided Christianity as opposed to Islam, for example. from each atomic number 53 religion exists, and is composed of rituals and systems that have ontological renderings. Yet the attachment to ones own identity or one religions identity can become stark when taken to an extreme. It is our nature to categorize and retain what suits us and stand what is unpleasant.Yet behind these decisions, especially when mouth of reports (or myths or legends) as if they actually exist in empirical macrocosm is a departure from logic. From the days of the ancients to the present, ontology is largely now used in the science, in the course of empirical champaign of existing things and the relationships between them (Gregg H. Rosenberg, 1997). We continually explore the interrelationships of our world, leaving science as the main, if non whole, modern form of formal ontology practiced today. What once began as a ism has change into pure science.As we continue to develop increasingly complex technologies in the forms of artificial intelligence, ontology will no doubt take on a contrasting meaning and be applied to different circumstances than ever so forwards. This is only on the surface, however. Ontology, even though not named until recently in human history, has been with us since we began, as creatures, to look beyond our simple survival as a species and consider our relationship to what is around and even beyond us. How do we agnise what we know in relation to the field of psychology (epistemology)?The m any(prenominal) branches of psychology that exist today define the gaining of knowledge in spite of appearance the studies of developmental, cognitive, educational, social, etc. these fall chthonian the philosophical domain of epistemology (synonymous with Theory of Knowledge). We question how we come to know certain things and study ways of learning, retaining and using knowledge. Th e concept of epistemology is very simple. How do we know what we know? But the application of this system is quite complex (Keith De Rose, 2003). Much of the knowledge we gain in any given day is via other people such as friends, family and co-workers.We also gain knowledge in school, from television and books and on the Internet. But how oftentimes do we question the source? Now we can see how complex epistemology becomes. Lets say that Alice tells Jim that Steve is a thief. Jim has never known Alice to lie. In fact, Alices reputation is sterling in terms of credibility. Without any move on inquiry, Jim believes Alice and has nothing further to do with Steve. How logical is that? Is it true knowledge? No, it isnt. Jim barely knows what Alice has told him and it may or may not have anything to do with reality.This is where the games of the mind come into play. First we are told something and it becomes knowledge. From that knowledge we form a paradigm. by and by we discover tha t what we know, or believe, is false. We must change our paradigm and everything attached to it. This is the sate of war. If we look at knowledge, we can only truly know what we ourselves experience. We only learn through experimentation and our own inquiry. We are limited in how much we can know due to our limited senses. Epistemology is concerned with propositional knowledge, such as what is true.It is not so concerned with how to do things (Peter D. Klein, 1998 2006). This is where history, religion, politics, theory and other non-empirical learning comes into question. When it comes to the intangible topics in our lives, how do we know? Tradition holds that what we come to know in an empirical manner (the sun rises every day, the pay growls when one is hungry, if a horse flattens its ears, it is angry) is real knowledge. These are repeatable events that we no longer notice because we know that they will occur with regularity.Platos leaning was what we have come to know as Transcendental Realism. This means we come to know something through knowing its form and the changes it undergoes. Aristotle put forth the idea that a form does not transcend the material thing. Knowledge is the capital of New Hampshire between thought and fact. Going deeper into this form of philosophy and addressing how we know what we know in the field of psychology, we would have to say that we observe certain behavioural patterns as they relate to prevailing patterns in parliamentary law, alone the real question is, how real is psychology?We cannot empirically see a thought or the connections between thoughts we can only observe behaviors and listen to the thoughts of others in find their psychological status. Psychology is something that is not static, therefore it does not adhere to the definition of truth in the strictest sense. What is the role of morals and moral vox populi in the practice of psychology (axiology, moral psychology)? In order for psychology to be at a ll effective, the practitioner must acknowledge what is of assess to the invitee the observer must take note of what is of apprise to those being observed.What we value is what motivates us, and while we all value different things in different proportions, we do tend to hold common set as a species. unmatchable common value is survival. Survival is an interspecies value and can be utilized to study a wide range of behaviors at a basic level. As adults we should know the difference between right and wrong, and we have likely learned the values of our culture or group (Robert N. Barger, Ph. D. , 2000). harmonise to Kohlbergs stages of moral development, it is understood that people progress through a series of stages of moral development.Beginning with Level 1, most people (according to Kohlberg) realise through a series of six identifiable stages within iii levels (Barger). Kohlberg believed that most adults never progressed beyond the second level of conventional godliness the third level, post-conventional morality, was unattainable by most adults and Kohlberg never met anyone who met the criteria of comprehending social mutualness and respect for a universal principle and the demands of an individual conscience. In the practice of psychology, ones moral beliefs are the glue that holds an individual unitedly through life.While the beliefs may change (and through psychological handling they often do), the basic values of an individual are relatively persistent once set in tiddlerhood and through social interaction. Practicing psychology is a continual process of setting priorities, which involves axiology. In a society that is ever more diverse and challenging, it is critical in the field of psychology to engage in axiological thinking in order to make better assist clients with their own axiological processes.The very process of basic decision- fashioning involves making priorities, and when priorities conflict over a long period of time, stress es occur that changes an individuals behavior markedly. Since axiology is the study of how people determine the value of different things, it is of great importance that a psychologist can determine the values of a client in order for therapy to be effective. Assignments of value can all represent or distort reality (Clear Direction Inc. 2001). Since valuations are crotchety to each individual, they piddle individual thinking habits, which reveal what the true value is, even if it is simply a habit and not a true value. If the thinking habit distorts reality enough to render someone dys live onal, the rule of thinking needs to be evaluated and changed to a healthier pattern. Then late things take higher value than the old ones, and in theory the blasting thinking pattern is disrupted.Practicing psychology with an gaining of axiology and how it affects individuals, families, and cultures is critical, since western society is under continual pressure to change its priorities, c ausing enormous stresses on its members for example, if a parent places a higher value on ghostlike beliefs than their childs education, the child potentially suffers withdrawal from mainstream society and the opportunity to grow and thrive in that very same society.Do you see a place for religious belief, spirituality, political, and socioeconomic philosophy within psychology (teleology, metaphysics, economics)? In a word, yes. From the dawn of time, rightly or wrongly, humans have interconnected the above disciplines into their daily lives and because they are an integral part of human experienceing they must be present, or at least understood, in the study/practice of psychology.It cannot be emphasized enough that our world is rapidly changing, our values and beliefs are changing, and in our Western society those changes can lead to dangerous consequences, such as extremism and violence. The role of psychology is the study of human behavior, and the more complete an interpre ting of the causations of those behaviors, the better it is for the discipline of psychology, which does have its roots in philosophy. No matter the progression of the physical sciences, it can be all the way argued that thought, belief and a value system has not been proven to be strictly mechanical.That being said, however, does not give the field of psychology wit blanche to interconnected intelligent design or any other religious preference in its practice. Much more study is needed before one can categorically say that psychology is an entirely smash discipline than the above mentioned, for the very factors in the previous pages of this essay are what build the individual personality. No matter the prevailing belief in ones society, the mind is free to accept or reject it on whatever grounds of inquiry the individual has undertaken.It is the role of the psychologist to understand the importance of a spiritual belief to many people belief systems are the underpinnings of eve ry society, and the goal of psychology should be to better understand the purpose of such belief systems rather than disregard them due to their deficiency of empirical evidence. Reams of books can be written on this one question, no doubt for and against. The issue is so complex and convoluted due to the emotions tortuous and the agendas of each side for attempting to gain the upper hand. Yet this is, in itself, a study.What is it that is propelling Westerners to go to such lengths as to change laws regarding education of both(prenominal) sides? Before categorically stating that teleology, metaphysics, etc. has no place in psychology, we must consider that in assessing how theories or behaviors or thoughts develop, we do not understand the science behind them hence, no empirical support is available in the strictest sense (Jean Bricmont, 1997). An individual in the social sciences can corroborate with those in the empirical sciences, yet the meaning attached to findings is a fun ction of credit entry of repeating patterns that cannot be measured by empirical means.This automatically throws metaphysics and other ambiguous categories into the mix. We must also remember that scientists are also humans with the very same patterns of cognitive development as everyone else their jealously restrained positions within their areas of specialty are a study in themselves one could even go as far as to say that they have formed a belief system all their own, to which they are as emotionally attached as any religious zealot.This is where psychology must be balanced in incorporating both empirical science and philosophy of mind. In order to understand what the driving force is behind teleology, we can only look at the results of its presence. We cannot empirically measure its growth and various ways of metamorphosis. While people can have ideas, people are not ideas in the empirical sense (Ian Heath, 2003). Wilhelm Wendt put the role of psychology quite succinctly in hi s three general principles of psychology 1) Inner, or psychological, experience is not a special sphere of experience obscure from others, but is immediate experience in its totality. 2) This immediate experience is not made up of unchanging contents, but of an interconnection of processes not of objects, but of occurrences, of universal human experiences and their relations in accordance with certain laws. 3) Each, of these processes contains an design content and a subjective process, thus including the general conditions both of all knowledge and of all practical human activity (Wilhelm Wendt, 1897).In maintaining these principles and staying focused on the fundamental purpose of psychology, this discipline can easily incorporate belief systems into its practice by understanding them to be what they are versed experiences that propel external behavior. Incorporating ideas and beliefs into psychology from the standpoint of better serving valet de chambre in an attempt to unde rstand itself and better educate itself is necessary for a dynamic global society that has the tendency to make what is simple conglomerate and what is important irrelevant in the face of fact.It is my belief that rather than create ever-new branches of psychology that focus on a small part of the function of individuals or groups, it would behoove the science of psychology to remember its roots and good standards in practice. Psychology should refrain from becoming political, yet acknowledge that is existence in politics is important.