Human Pathophysiology Essay

A 45-year-old grocery sales clerk has been suffering from bouts of punishing pain in his left flank region. He blamed it on prolonged standing for 8 hours straight while working. He was taking everyplace-the-counter pain medications for his pain. One day, he found fresh line of merchandise in his urine. He went to a doctor who performed urine tests, CT scans, and x-rays. He was diagnosed with urinary calculi. Discuss possible factors that may have been creditworthy for the victimisation of the stone and use this case to show how the uncomplainings feed and water breathing in can help analyze the composition of the calculi. Factors responsible for the development can include his family or personal history, being over 40, his gender, his diet, weight, over the counter medications, and possible dehydration. He allow for need to salute plenty of water, avoid excess caffeine, black tea, grapefruit and apple juices. He should also avoid foods high in oxalates, frontier his sodiu m Intake, limit his animal protein and avoid mega-doses of vitaminC. By following this dietary and water intake method it should help analyze if the calculi composition is Calcium oxalate, Calcium phosphate, Cystine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, or Uric acid. What would be the test results of his white melody cells, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and x-ray? Urinalysis will be positive for nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and blood. The white blood cell (WBC) count will be magisterial, with a left shift. Creatinine level will also be elevated in outlet obstruction. CT scan will demonstrate vesica calculi if the test is performed without IV contrast material. The unenhanced spiral CT is sensitive merely yet specific in diagnosing calculi along the urinary parcel and even virginal urate calculi can be detected this way. KUB detects radiopaque stones because pure uric acid and ammonium urate stones are radiolucent and can be coated with a layer of opaque calcium sediment.The sonogra m will show a classic hyperechoic object with posterior shadowing, and it is effective in identifying both radiolucent and radiopaque stones. (Basler, 2014) Suggest the best treatment for the patient and a plan to prevent recurrence post-treatment. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, medical expulsive therapy, and, sometimes, shock absorber wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures. Facilitate calculus passage with -receptor blockers such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tamsulosin. For persistent or infection-causing calculi,complete removal using to begin with endoscopic techniques. (Preminger, 2014)PreventionDrink plenty of water, get the proper list of calcium according to your age, reduce sodium , limit animal protein such as red meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood , and avoid stone-forming foods such as beets, chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, tea, most wrong(p) rich in oxalate, and colas rich in phosphate.ReferencesPreminger,G. (2014, July). Urinary Calculi. Merck Manuals. Retrieved from http//www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi.html Pendick, D. (2013, Oct). 5 steps for Preventing Kidney Stones. Harvard Health Publications. Retrieved from http//www.health.harvard.edu/blog/5-steps-for-preventing-kidney-stones-201310046721 Basler, J. (2014). Bladder Stones Workup. WEbMd. Retrieved from http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/2120102-workupshowall