The Second Republic and Its Fall Essays -- Nigeria Federal Government

The Second Republic and Its FallOne of many hurdles that Nigeria had to oercome in the enterprise to return to civilian rule, and then to fox such a new carcass entrenched, was the fact that competitive authorities encouraged recourse to sectional identification. On the one hand, there is bet for a understanding of the nature of the dynamics of Nigerian society, especially with regard to the phenomenon of ethnicity. On the other hand, the theoretical formulations which already exist concerning the nature of g everyplacenance in segmented societies must be confronted so that a surrounding(prenominal) approximation between such themes and the sociopolitical realities of Nigeria can be achieved (Joseph, 198743).The American-style constitution of the abet Republic (1979-1983) was designed for Nigerians type of democracy where natural affairs quite an than state are promoted to avoid the pattern of British parliamentary system where the winner-takes-all pattern. The parties in America conform to the Constitution due to their disciplinary disposition. In Nigeria, political parties were following the British style of politics, where distribution of revenues among the politician and their clients at national, state and local levels, are the order of the day (Shehu, et al 199934). hot conflicts abounded within the political parties in both states and the federal level over the distribution of the spoils hence, the inability of the politicals to manage the conflicts led to the expiry of the democratic government in the Second Republic and the return of the military government.In the syllabus of transition to the Second Republic, the military leaders primary concern was to delay the recurrence of the mistakes of the First Republic. They believed that if the structures and processed of government and politics that had proved foreign in the First Republic could be changed, a stable and powerful civilian government was therefore designed to address those fun damental issues, which were historically divisive, and to establish new political institutions, processes, and orientations. The second aspect of the transition refer the making of a new constitution and appropriate institutions. Decree human body 25 of 1978 enacted the 1977 Constitution. It differed from the First Republic in 1963, in that, it introduced a linked States type presidential system (Nwoked, 19973). Previo... ...so was the decline in GDP by and estimated 10 percent. The repressive strategy of Buharis military further engendered obscure resentment and bitterness among the people who feel that they had been denied of their personal freedom. In addition, concord to Othman, the military government was increasingly driven by dissension over strategies of economic management, the detention and trials of political detainees and the rising power of Brigadier Tunde Idiagbon, the forefront of staff, supreme headquarters, and the driving force behind the regimes magist erial policies, and of the Nigerian Security Organization (NSO) (Othman, 199940). Two factors were instrumental to the final demise of the military regime one was the risking of what Diamond called political convulsion, an attempt to impose a monolithic order on Nigerias vigorously polaristic society (Diamond, 1999443). The second factor was the regimes declaration in July, 1985, of their intention or plan to return Nigeria to Civilian rule. These actions further separated Buhari and Idiagbon from their military colleagues , including their arrogance in ignoring critical opinion even among its superior military ranks.